Colonial Regions What Brings People Together Interpret this

Colonial Regions What Brings People Together?

Interpret this cartoon – what is it saying?

New England • Who started the New England Colonies? • All colonies were started by Puritans a religious group who wanted to make the church of England simpler (less Catholic). • They left England because they were being persecuted (treated unfairly). • They had very strong religious beliefs and wanted to be free to practice them.

Massachusetts • Who founded Massachusetts? • Why? • During the reign of Charles I in England Puritans were being persecuted. • They called it the “Evil Times. ” • In 1629 – Puritans, led by John Winthrop started the Massachusetts Bay Company, got a charter, and left England to start a new Colony. • They wanted to form a new society based on their religious beliefs.

DO NEXT - Analyze this quote. What does it mean about New England America? • • • For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us; so that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us, we shall shame the faces of many of God's worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into curses. . . "—John Winthrop, aboard the Arbella, 1630. ‘We must always consider, ’ he said, ‘that we shall be as a city upon a hill—the eyes of all people are upon us. ’ Today the eyes of all people are truly upon us— and our governments, in every branch, at every level, national, State, and local, must be as a city upon a hill—constructed and inhabited by men aware of their grave trust and their great responsibilities. ” John F. Kennedy 1961 'I've spoken of the Shining City all my political life. …In my mind it was a tall, proud city built on rocks stronger than oceans, windswept, God-blessed, and teeming with people of all kinds living in harmony and peace; a city with free ports that hummed with commerce and creativity. And if there had to be city walls, the walls had doors and the doors were open to anyone with the will and the heart to get here. That's how I saw it, and see it still. Ronald Reagan 1989.

Massachusetts • Only church members could vote • Elected representatives to an assembly called the General Court • Great Migration = because of success 15, 000 people moved to Massachusetts between 1629 and 1640 • Population growth = problems between Puritans and others

Connecticut • Who founded Connecticut? • Why? • Puritan minister Thomas Hooker • Believed the governor and other officials in Massachusetts had too much power • Became a separate colony in 1662

Connecticut • How was Connecticut different? • Settlers wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut = the first constitution. • Precedent for other states and the US • Limited government • Gave all land owners the power to vote

Rhode Island • Who founded Rhode Island? • Why? • Started by Roger Williams. • He was kicked out of Massachusetts and started Rhode Island in 1636. • Believed: – Puritans had too much power. – the business of church and state should be separate. – in religious tolerance = he wanted people to be able to practice their own beliefs.

Massachusetts Government • What were the governments of the New England Colonies like? • Massachusetts: only members of the church were allowed to vote. • Selected representatives to the General Court, the legislature (law making body).

Connecticut Government • What were the governments of New England like? • Connecticut: did not like the power of the Massachusetts government • Wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: gave all property owners the right to vote and limited the power of the government (the first constitution)

New England Government • What were New England governments like? • All New England Colonies had town meetings • Settlers discussed and voted on many issues. • These helped democracy grow in America.

Puritan Rules • How did the Puritans • Roger Williams: ordered to in New England treat leave Massachusetts people who disagreed because he spoke out with them? against Puritan power and he believed in religious tolerance • Anne Hutchinson: woman who spoke out against Puritans and their teachings was forced to move to Rhode Island.

Indians • How did the Puritans treat the Indians? • Indians taught the Puritans how to live in America. • More settlers arrived and took native lands. • 1675: Puritans fought the Indians led by Metacom or “King Phillip” • Puritans defeated the Indians. • All Indians would be forced off of their homelands.

Economy • What was the Economy like in the New England? • Based on the environment. • Farming was common but the soil was rocky. • Cut down trees and sent them down rivers to the ports. • Shipbuilding and whaling became America’s first industries. • Cities like Boston grew around these businesses.

Importance? • Why were the New England Colonies important? • Puritans brought their religious ideas with them. • Even though the Puritans lost power, the motivation of religion would always be important in the North. • The environment was bad for farming so slavery never grew. • Because of the environment, industries and cities grew in the North = population growth!

Middle Colonies • What were the Middle Colonies? • • New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware

New Netherlands becomes New York • Who founded the • The Dutch started New Middle Colonies? Netherlands. • Patroons had huge pieces of land (like feudalism). • Dutch rule was unpopular because they abused power. • Allowed all religions leading to diversity. • 1664 – the English invaded New Amsterdam harbor. Peter Stuyvesant was very unpopular even though he • Dutch colonists refused to fight restored law and order NAC

New York and New Jersey • Who founded the Middle Colonies? Carteret and Berkeley had themselves a money making proprietary colony! • Charles II gave the colony to his brother the Duke of York. • Renamed it New York. • The Duke gave the southern part of the land to his friends: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley. • They renamed it New Jersey.

Pennsylvania • Who founded the Middle Colonies? • He became convinced the Quakers would not make it in England. • Granted a charter because of a debt owed to Penn’s father. • PA and DE: Quakers (William Penn) • Believed people were equal in god’s eyes. • Against war and refused to serve in the army • Some were hanged for beliefs. • Penn: from a wealthy family. Joined the Quakers.

The Middle Colonies • Why did people come to the Middle Colonies? • Pennsylvania and Delaware: Quakers “Holy Experiment” - Build a religious society based on beliefs: equality and peace! • People came from all over Europe to escape persecution • Led to diversity unlike any other region. • NY and NJ: money, land, and opportunity.

Middle Colonies • What was life like in the Government: Middle Colonies? • All started as proprietary colonies. • Each had a legislature and limits on government • Eventually all became royal colonies. • Royal government still had legislatures but less power for the people because of the governor.

Middle Colonies • What was life like in the Middle Colonies? Economy: Diverse based on the environment. It was also diverse because of the ethnic diversity. • “Bread Basket” great soil for wheat and grain • Skilled workers from all over = manufacturing • Port cities like Philadelphia and New York grew.

Middle Colonies Religion: • What was life like in the Middle Colonies? • Religious Tolerance Diversity: • Because of religious tolerance and the legacy of New Sweden and New Netherlands, people came from all over Europe (IE Pennsylvania Dutch) • Many people moved west (backcountry)

Middle Colonies Importance? • Why were the Middle Colonies important? • Diversity: different talents and skills to the economy • Manufacturing and cities = population growth and economic power • A lot in common with New England • Environment was not good for slavery (except DE) • Quakers = first anti-slavery (abolitionists)

Southern Colonies • What were the Southern Colonies? • • • Virginia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Southern Colonies • Who founded the Southern Colonies? • VA = Virginia Company • MD – Lord Baltimore • NC and SC: 8 nobles • GA: James Oglethorpe

The Southern Colonies • Why did people come to the Southern Colonies? • Money and land • MD: Catholics • GA: for debtors

Southern Colonies • What was life like in the Southern Colonies? Government: • VA House of Burgesses = legislature • Each colony followed the precedent (example) • All became royal colonies

Southern Colonies • What was life like in the Southern Colonies? Economy: Based on environment. • Tidewater = near water had plantation slavery (rice, indigo, and tobacco) • Backcountry = small farms grew grain and raised livestock

Southern Colonies • What was life like in the Southern Colonies? Slavery: • Slaves traveled to America over the deadly “Middle Passage” • Slave codes took away rights after Bacon’s Rebellion • Few people owned slaves • Slaves were important to the rich “planters” who owned many!

Southern Colonies • What was life like in the Southern Colonies? Religion: • Act of Toleration – MD protected religious freedom • Religion was not as important to everyday life in the South

Southern Colonies Importance? • Why were the • Making money became the Southern Colonies primary motivation of most important? people • Economy was based on plantation slavery • Powerful landowners were slave owners who needed the slaves. • Fewer cities and little manufacturing (smaller than the North)