Colonial Regions What Brings People Together Interpret this

Colonial Regions What Brings People Together?

Interpret this cartoon – what is it saying?

New England • Who started the New England Colonies? • All colonies were started by Puritans a religious group who wanted to make the church of England simpler (less Catholic). • They left England because they were being persecuted (treated unfairly). • They had very strong religious beliefs and wanted to be free to practice them.

Massachusetts • Who founded Massachusetts? • Why? • During the reign of Charles I in England Puritans were being persecuted. • They called it the “Evil Times. ” • In 1629 – Puritans, led by John Winthrop started the Massachusetts Bay Company, got a charter, and left England to start a new Colony. • They wanted to form a new society based on their religious beliefs.

Massachusetts • How was Massachusetts governed? • Only church members could vote • Elected representatives to an assembly called the General Court • Great Migration = because of success 15, 000 people moved to Massachusetts between 1629 and 1640 • Population growth = problems between Puritans and others

Connecticut • Who founded Connecticut? • Why? • Puritan minister Thomas Hooker • Believed the governor and other officials in Massachusetts had too much power • Became a separate colony in 1662

Connecticut • How was Connecticut different? • Settlers wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut = the first constitution. • Precedent for other states and the US • Limited government • Gave all land owners the power to vote

Rhode Island • Who founded Rhode Island? • Why? • Started by Roger Williams. • He was kicked out of Massachusetts and started Rhode Island in 1636. • Believed: – Puritans had too much power. – the business of church and state should be separate. – in religious tolerance = he wanted people to be able to practice their own beliefs.

Massachusetts Government • What were the governments of the New England Colonies like? • Massachusetts: only members of the church were allowed to vote. • Selected representatives to the General Court, the legislature (law making body).

Connecticut Government • What were the governments of New England like? • Connecticut: did not like the power of the Massachusetts government • Wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: gave all property owners the right to vote and limited the power of the government (the first constitution)

New England Government • What were New England governments like? • All New England Colonies had town meetings • Settlers discussed and voted on many issues. • These helped democracy grow in America.

Puritan Rules • How did the Puritans • Roger Williams: ordered to in New England treat leave Massachusetts people who disagreed because he spoke out with them? against Puritan power and he believed in religious tolerance • Anne Hutchinson: woman who spoke out against Puritans and their teachings was forced to move to Rhode Island.

Indians • How did the Puritans treat the Indians? • Indians taught the Puritans how to live in America. • More settlers arrived and took native lands. • 1675: Puritans fought the Indians led by Metacom or “King Phillip” • Puritans defeated the Indians. • All Indians would be forced off of their homelands.

Economy • What was the Economy like in the New England? • Based on the environment. • Farming was common but the soil was rocky. • Cut down trees and sent them down rivers to the ports. • Shipbuilding and whaling became America’s first industries. • Cities like Boston grew around these businesses.

Importance? • Why were the New England Colonies important? • Puritans brought their religious ideas with them. • Even though the Puritans lost power, the motivation of religion would always be important in the North. • The environment was bad for farming so slavery never grew. • Because of the environment, industries and cities grew in the North = population growth!

Middle Colonies • What were the Middle Colonies? • • New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware

New Netherlands becomes New York • Who founded the • The Dutch started New Middle Colonies? Netherlands. • Patroons had huge pieces of land (like feudalism). • Dutch rule was unpopular because they abused power. • Allowed all religions leading to diversity. • 1664 – the English invaded New Amsterdam harbor. Peter Stuyvesant was very unpopular even though he • Dutch colonists refused to fight restored law and order NAC

New York and New Jersey • Who founded the Middle Colonies? Carteret and Berkeley had themselves a money making proprietary colony! • Charles II gave the colony to his brother the Duke of York. • Renamed it New York. • The Duke gave the southern part of the land to his friends: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley. • They renamed it New Jersey.

Pennsylvania • Who founded the Middle Colonies? • He became convinced the Quakers would not make it in England. • Granted a charter because of a debt owed to Penn’s father. • PA and DE: Quakers (William Penn) • Believed people were equal in god’s eyes. • Against war and refused to serve in the army • Some were hanged for beliefs. • Penn: from a wealthy family. Joined the Quakers.

The Middle Colonies • Why did people come to the Middle Colonies? • Pennsylvania and Delaware: Quakers “Holy Experiment” - Build a religious society based on beliefs: equality and peace! • People came from all over Europe to escape persecution • Led to diversity unlike any other region. • NY and NJ: money, land, and opportunity.

Middle Colonies • What was life like in the Government: Middle Colonies? • All started as proprietary colonies. • Each had a legislature and limits on government • Eventually all became royal colonies. • Royal government still had legislatures but less power for the people because of the governor.

Middle Colonies • What was life like in the Middle Colonies? Economy: Diverse based on the environment. It was also diverse because of the ethnic diversity. • “Bread Basket” great soil for wheat and grain • Skilled workers from all over = manufacturing • Port cities like Philadelphia and New York grew.

Middle Colonies Religion: • What was life like in the Middle Colonies? • Religious Tolerance Diversity: • Because of religious tolerance and the legacy of New Sweden and New Netherlands, people came from all over Europe (IE Pennsylvania Dutch) • Many people moved west (backcountry)

Middle Colonies Importance? • Why were the Middle Colonies important? • Diversity: different talents and skills to the economy • Manufacturing and cities = population growth and economic power • A lot in common with New England • Environment was not good for slavery (except DE) • Quakers = first anti-slavery (abolitionists)

Southern Colonies • What were the Southern Colonies? • • • Virginia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Southern Colonies • Who founded the Southern Colonies? • VA = Virginia Company • MD – Lord Baltimore • NC and SC: 8 nobles • GA: James Oglethorpe

The Southern Colonies • Why did people come to the Southern Colonies? • Money and land • MD: Catholics • GA: for debtors

Southern Colonies • What was life like in the Southern Colonies? Government: • VA House of Burgesses = legislature • Each colony followed the precedent (example) • All became royal colonies

Southern Colonies • What was life like in the Southern Colonies? Economy: Based on environment. • Tidewater = near water had plantation slavery (rice, indigo, and tobacco) • Backcountry = small farms grew grain and raised livestock

Southern Colonies • What was life like in the Southern Colonies? Slavery: • Slaves traveled to America over the deadly “Middle Passage” • Slave codes took away rights after Bacon’s Rebellion • Few people owned slaves • Slaves were important to the rich “planters” who owned many!

Southern Colonies • What was life like in the Southern Colonies? Religion: • Act of Toleration – MD protected religious freedom • Religion was not as important to everyday life in the South

Southern Colonies Importance? • Why were the • Making money became the Southern Colonies primary motivation of most important? people • Economy was based on plantation slavery • Powerful landowners were slave owners who needed the slaves. • Fewer cities and little manufacturing (smaller than the North)