Colonial Life 1607 1763 Major Themes Southern Colonies

Colonial Life 1607 -1763

Major Themes Southern Colonies New England Colonies Middle Colonies Imperialistic System Diversity

The Southern Colonies Describe the Southern economy and the plantation system. Outline the development of slavery in the South. Explain the rise of the planter elite in colonial Southern society.

Economy Commercial agriculture 1. tobacco 2. rice & indigo 3. Plantations Demand Chesapeake Bay Indentured Servitude 1. need 2. contract South Carolina 1. rice 2. indigo

Society Plantation system tended to create a society with distinct social classes Gentry Self contained communities Planters 1. 1600’s 2. 1700’s Yeoman farmers 1. Subsistence farming 2. tobacco

Bacon’s Rebellion Governor William Berkeley 1. Tax exemption 2. Voting disenfranchisement Land Nathaniel Bacon (1676) Result 1. Land expansion 2. Expansion of slavery 3. Royal African Company (1672)

Slavery 10 -12 million slaves transported to the Americas b/w 1450 -1870 Middle Passage Chattel slavery Slave code

Chapter 3. 1 Review Questions Why did Southern tobacco planters use indentured servants to work their fields? What was the difference between the planter elite and backcountry farmers? What situation led to Bacon’s Rebellion? Why was slavery particularly entrenched in the Southern colonies?

New England & Middle Colonies • • New England’s Economy New England Towns Rise of Cities Middle Colonies

New England’s Economy Diverse economy Corn Grand Banks Whaling Lumbering 1. Timber 2. Fall line

New England Towns Church covenants Town proprietors Town meetings Selectmen Meetinghouse “Holy Watching”

Rise of Cities Merchants Triangular Trade 1. New England 2. Caribbean 3. England Urban Social Class 1. 2. 3. 4. Wealthy merchants Artisans Unskilled workers Forced laborers Overcrowding

Middle Colonies Fertile land Wheat Rivers (Hudson, Delaware, and Susquehanna) Wheat boom Entrepreneurs Capitalists Class System 1. Wealthy entrepreneurs 2. Farmers 3. Tenant farmers

Chapter 3. 2 Review Questions How did the geography of New England affect its economy? What was the importance of New England town meetings? What social classes made up urban society in colonial America? How did geography affect the economy of the Middle Colonies?

The British Imperial System • • Mercantilism The Glorious Revolution

Mercantilism Economic system that emphasized a country had to accumulate gold and silver through exports and imports Self sufficient in raw materials Provides reliable markets & eager suppliers Navigation Acts 1. All goods must be transported in GBR ships 2. Enumerated commodities 3. Staple Act Custom inspectors Commissioners of Trade and Plantations (1675) Dominion of New England (1686) Sir Edmund Andros

Glorious Revolution of 1688 James II Mary and William of Orange Glorious Revolution English Bill of Rights 1. 2. 3. 4. Abolish king’s absolute power Impose taxes or raise army Freedom of speech and cruel & unusual punishment Toleration Act New Charter for Massachusetts Bay John Locke 1. 2. 3. Two Treatises of Government Justification of revolution Natural rights

Chapter 3. 3 Review Questions Why did James II create the Dominion of New England? What did the English Bill of Rights provide?

Diverse Society • • • Family Life Immigrants Africans Enlightenment Great Awakening

Family Life Explosive growth Birthrate Legal status Disease Cotton Mather

Immigrants Pennsylvania Dutch Scot-Irish Jews

Africans West Africa South Carolina 1. Gullah 2. Control Virginia 1. English 2. Control Stono Rebellion

Intellectual Movements Enlightenment 1. Rationalism 2. Jacques Rosseau 3. Baron Montesquieu Great Awakening 1. 2. 3. 4. Pietism Revivals Jonathan Edwards George Whitfield

Chapter 3. 4 Review Questions Why did the colonial population increase dramatically in the 1700’s? What reasons did immigrants have for coming to the American colonies? How did enslaved Africans fight back against slavery? What was the difference between the Enlightenment and Great Awakening?