COLONIAL AMERICA 1565 1750 SPANISH CLAIMS Conquistadores sought

COLONIAL AMERICA 1565 -1750

SPANISH CLAIMS • Conquistadores sought gold • Spanish crown institutes encomienda system • North American settlements: §Florida §New Mexico §Texas §California

FRENCH CLAIMS • 1608 Quebec §Samuel de Champlain “Father of New France” • Louisiana territory • Sought converts to Catholicism and fur trading (led to better relations to Native Americans)

DUTCH CLAIMS • 1609 Henry Hudson explores northeast • New Amsterdam (later named New York) • Dutch West India Company

ENGLISH CLAIMS • 1497 John Cabot explores Newfoundland • 1570 s Sir Francis Drake – attacked Spanish ships, seized gold • 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh – Roanoke “Lost Colony”

THE THIRTEEN COLONIES • New England Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshir • Middle New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware • Chesapeake Virginia and Maryland • Southern North and South Carolina, Georgia

THREE TYPES OF COLONIES • Corporate – Joint-Stock Companies • Royal – under direct authority of the king’s government • Proprietary – under authority of individuals granted by the king

VIRGINIA • 1607 – Jamestown first permanent settlement • John Rolfe – tobacco • Powhatan – Pocahontas • 1619 House of Burgesses – first representative government • 1619 – first Africans arrive

MASSACHUSETTS • 1620 Plymouth Pilgrims – Separatists Mayflower Compact • 1630 Massachusetts Bay Puritans John Winthrop Great Migration • Conflicts with Natives • Pequot War • Metacom’s War

MARYLAND • 1632 Virginia Colony split by king • Lord Baltimore – proprietor • Act of Toleration 1649 – religious freedom • Tobacco

RHODE ISLAND • Roger Williams – Providence Recognize rights of Native Americans Religious tolerance • Anne Hutchinson – Portsmouth • 1644 join into one colony

CONNECTICUT • Reverend Thomas Hooker – Hartford • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) – established representative government

NEW HAMPSHIRE • 1679 King Charles II splits Massachusetts Bay to gain more control

NORTH & SOUTH CAROLINA • North – Tobacco farmers from Virginia • South – planters from West Indies brought the plantation system (rice & indigo) and slavery • 1712 – North and South Carolina become separate colonies

NEW YORK • Dutch – New Amsterdam • 1664 James II (king’s brother and future king) sends force • Didn’t allow local government – first opposition to taxation without representation 1683 – win representation

NEW JERSEY • 1664 James splits NY • 1702 NJ combined to eliminate property disputes

PENNSYLVANIA • 1681 • William Penn – Quaker • Freedom of worship • Good relations with Native Americans

DELAWARE • 1702 Penn gives lower Pennsylvania their own assemblies

GEORGIA • 1732 • Defensive border • Jailed debtors • James Ogelthorpe

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES • Rocky soil and short growing season • Fishing, whaling, lumbering, and ship building • Strong Puritan Religion • Family units

MIDDLE COLONIES • Rivers linked the coast with the interior. • Philadelphia and New York were port cities • Breadbasket colonies – cash crops like wheat, barley, and rye

CHESAPEAKE & SOUTHERN COLONIES • Close economic ties with the “Mother Country” • Excellent soil and a long growing season • Headright system • Plantations grew tobacco, rice, and indigo using slave labor.

ROOTS OF COLONIAL SELF-RULE • House of Burgesses (Virginia 1619) • Mayflower Compact (Plymouth 1620) • Massachusetts General Court Voting initially based on church membership, then property ownership Town Meetings • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut –First written constitution • Act of Toleration (Maryland 1649) • Salutary Neglect