Collision Avoidance Procedures Soaring Safety Foundation Flight Instructor
- Slides: 40
Collision Avoidance Procedures Soaring Safety Foundation Flight Instructor Refresher Clinic Rich Carlson
Sharing Airspace
Regulations Ø FAR 91. 113 (b) l Regardless of … IFR or VFR … all pilots will observe “See and Avoid” procedures Ø Advisory Circular 90 -48 C l Pilots role in collision avoidance Ø AIM Section 4 -4 -13 (d) l Describes effective scanning techniques
See and Avoid Ø Basic Concept l Look outside and avoid running into other aircraft!
See and Avoid Ø Advantages l l Uses Mark I human eyeball Low regulatory overhead Ø Limitations l Pilot must recognize hazard and take action
Mark I Eyeball Supplement Page 8
Problems Ø Physiological issues l l Blind spot Empty Field Myopia Ø Physical obstructions l l l Seat location Canopy rails Instruments
Visual Scanning Ø Peripheral vision detects motion Ø Foveal vision identifies objects Ø Proper scanning procedures l l l Use multiple sectors (10 deg) Stop in each sector for a second or 2 Focus on distant object
Known Hazardous Areas Ø General areas l l Near VOR’s In and around Class D, C, and B airspace Near victor airways Within 5 miles and 3000 ft of an airport
Known Hazardous Areas Ø Glider Specific l l l Thermals Start/Finish Gate Turnpoints Ridge line Others
Aircraft Markings Ø Anti-collision markings l l A study by the OSTIV TSP found that high visibility color (Safety Orange) reduced the visibility of a glider Highly reflective ‘mirror’ tape did a much better job
Visual Perception Ø The blocks on the lower left mark the danger area for the speeds quoted, when aircraft are on a collision course. This danger area is based on the recognition and reaction time shown in the table on the lower right. Ø From AC 90 -48 C
Reaction time in seconds
Visual Perception Ø Move back 12 feet from this illustration. From that position the silhouettes represent a T-33 aircraft as it would appear to you from the distances indicated in the table on the left. The time required to cover these distances is given in seconds for a combined speed of 360 and 600 mph. Ø From AC 90 -48 C
Is a collision imminent?
Position Reporting Ø Where am I Ø Where are you Ø Aids to position reporting l l l GPS distance/bearing Altitude Known ground reference
Electronic Aids Ø Radio’s Ø Transponders l l Operation limitations Glider only codes
Portable Collision Avoidance Boxes PCAS - XRX PCAS - MRX http: //www. zaonflight. com/
Situational Awareness Ø What’s happening now Ø What’s going to happen next Ø What’s going to happen soon Ø What’s he going to do
12 Action Items from Jim Short’s “Airspace in the New Century” Prominent posting of airline arrival/departure routes and expected altitudes Ø Post NOTAMs for meets and contests Ø Define local areas that are relatively safe Ø Voluntarily avoid high risk areas Ø Increase our personal vigilance at critical altitudes Ø Consider a Mode C transponder Ø Supplement Page 7
Summary Ø Remember – most mid-airs and near mid- airs occur during the day, in VFR conditions, close to an airport Ø See and Avoid procedures need to be taught
- Empty-field myopia
- Soaring safety foundation
- Tcas collision avoidance
- Collision avoidance system block diagram
- Functional check flight procedures
- Sutterhe
- Functional check flight procedures
- Flight test safety workshop
- Chapter 10 workplace safety procedures
- Computer safety procedures
- Implement food safety procedures
- Implement food safety procedures
- Shallow pad foundation
- Foundation standard 1 academic foundation
- Rasp soaring forecast
- Dr jack soaring forecast
- Albuquerque soaring club
- Soaring eagle nursery
- Condor soaring
- Cross country soaring
- Ccsc soaring
- Ridge soaring gliderport
- Rasp blipmap
- Boulder soaring forecast
- Williams soaring center
- Technical soaring
- Colvestone primary school
- Risk avoidance insurance
- Avoidance risk
- Ruth anne rehfeldt
- Power distance map
- Deadlock prevention avoidance and detection
- Overfitting avoidance
- Motivational conflict in consumer behavior
- Avoidance contingency example
- Avoidance contingency example
- Laray m. barna (1997)
- Wake turbulence avoidance
- Edward t hall
- Hospital avoidance
- Spin avoidance