Collie Renewable Diesel Project Frontier Impact Group aims

Collie Renewable Diesel Project

Frontier Impact Group aims to bridge the gaps between technology, finance, community and environment Focus on sustainable projects in the areas of: Energy: more renewable & efficient energy use Water: cleaner & more efficient use of water Air: improving air quality & reducing emissions Land: more productive & efficient usage Current Projects: q Renewable Diesel q Renewable Energy q Energy Efficiency q Carbon farming – soil carbon, revegetation, sustainable farming q Organic Fertiliser q Vertical Farming

Why this Project? q Increased Fuel Security q Carbon emissions reduction for State q Water production q Utilisation of waste biomass resources for greater benefit for the economy q Value add opportunities for: § Biochar § Graphene q Supporting a circular economy q Jobs § Plant jobs = 36 § Construction jobs = 25 § Indirect Jobs = 90 q New business & Job opportunities – by products q Renewable fuel helping businesses reduce their footprint § Wood Vinegar q Project is scalable (module) and can be scaled up q Replicable with sufficient biomass resources

BIOMASS RESOURCE INPUTS EXISTING WASTE Forestry Residues URBAN WASTE C&I Green waste* Other AGRI WASTE Straw Prunings Orchards Stumps Other ENERGY CROPS Coppice Crops Miscanthus Other * Green waste relates to the woody component TRANSPORTATION / CARTAGE Biomass Value Add Process Map TREATMENT Sorting different resources and managing contaminates WOOD WASTE (excluding green) Sorting Slow Speed Shredder to remove metal contaminants Chipping GREEN WASTE Sorting Trummel Chipper PROCESSING & CONVERSION COMPOSTING PYROLYSIS PELLETISING MILLING PRODUCTS & APPLICATIONS AT HUB OR ON CUSTOMER SITE ENERGY Electricity Heat Thermal heat Renewable fuels SOIL, FERTILIZER, OTHER Carbon Soil Enhancer Fertilizer Metallurgical Charcoal Steam Water Filtration and Water Savings Bitumen Animal Feed Soil & Water Decontamination Graphene (for batteries, building materials, etc. )

Renewable Diesel Highlights q Utilisation of commercially proven patented high temperature pyrolysis and noncatalytic renewable diesel production technologies q Low emissions and can be carbon neutral or negative q Annual Production of q 18 Million litres of renewable diesel q 8, 300 tonnes of high-quality biochar q 6. 5 Million litres of wood vinegar q Utilisation of 50, 000 bone dry equivalent tonnes per annum of biomass (forestry residues or other organic waste streams) q Net production of water rather than consumption of water q Large economic benefits include direct employment of 35 to 40 FTE staff on site q Capital investment of AUD 100 -110 Million q The return on capital (IRR) is modelled at 23%.

Technology q Commercially proven proprietary technology q The core of the FIG’s renewable diesel technology lies in 2 key components that are illustrated in the diagram below : • Syngas Production System – converts biomass/organic waste to syngas via high temperature pyrolysis • Syngas Conversion/Distillation Process – converts syngas to renewable diesel using a non-catalytic distillation process

Technology q Biomass processing system prepares biomass feedstock to prescribed sizes q Biomass broken down via high temperature pyrolysis process in Syngas Production System q Syngas and biochar exit the Syngas Production Unit ~85% syngas, 15% biochar q Syngas is converted producing Wood Vinegar and Water and then distilled to produce Renewable Diesel q Technology is modular so can be scaled up as required

Renewable Diesel q Renewable Diesel is diesel produced from renewable biomass-based feedstock and, unlike biodiesel, it has properties consistent with petroleum oil derived diesel fuel q Can be used as direct replacement for diesel with no equipment modifications q The technology identified by FIG produces diesel that has been certified to US and European diesel standards and tested to NZ diesel standards and will meet the Australian Fuel Standard for Automotive Diesel. q Current project design is for 18 million litres of diesel per annum but can be scaled up if there is sufficient long term biomass q Will assist with Australia’s long term fuel security q Can be produced for around $0. 80 per litre based on existing modelling

Feedstock Options q Waste Biomass – preference for woody waste • Forest Residues • Council Green Waste • Construction Waste • Agricultural Waste q Energy Crops potential if supply not certain or as backup • Frontier support Miscanthus, a high growth capacity crop that can be used in marginal land (i. e. does not displace agricultural land) • Miscanthus can address salinity and other soil issues q Project will pay for delivered biomass at commercial rates q Requires at least 50, 000 bone dry equivalent tonnes of biomass

Biochar q Project produces 8, 300 tonnes of biochar as a process by-product q Biochar quality depends on the final feedstock mix q Project has letter of intent for a long-term fixed biochar purchase contract at a good price q Biochar applications include: § Carbon Soil Enhancer - proven to increase carbon in the soil § Water Reduction – FIG have research which demonstrates the value of biochar to significantly reduce the volume of water needed § Water Filtration – proven market already with de-activated carbon § Metallurgical Charcoal – proven market to clean up contaminants from mining § Animal feed – improves the nutritional value of fodder and improve the health of the animal

Graphene q Good quality feedstock will produce high levels of graphene in biomass. q Graphene is: § Harder than diamond § 20 x more thermally conductive than copper § 100 x stronger than steel § 1000 x more electrically conductive than copper § Corrosion resistant § Lighter than paper q Applications of graphene include: § High strength building materials § Batteries § Electronics § Super fine filtration

Wood Vinegar q Wood vinegar is another valuable by-product of the process. Main uses are: § Fertiliser § Soil disease inhibitor § Insect repellent § Fungicide § Health products for animals and humans q A project in Western Australia is strategically well placed given that the largest markets for wood vinegar are in the Asia Pacific region q By product of wood vinegar process is grey water which can be readily made potable – up to 3 Ml per annum

Renewable Diesel Stakeholder Mapping

Next Steps q Finalising the stie q Understand Local Government requirements for current project q Identification of potential users of renewable fuel q Input on potential new business opportunities for users of biochar, graphene and wood vinegar q Community engagement and communication on the projects

Contact Jennifer Lauber Patterson Jennifer@frontierimpact. com. au 0431 263000 Mal Campbell Mal@frontierimpact. com. au Strictly Commercial in Confidence 15