Colleges and Universities By Kasi Johnson Overview Background

Colleges and Universities By: Kasi Johnson

Overview • • • Background about College Enrollment Nutrition Stress Sleep Habits Sexual Health: STIs Alcohol

College Enrollment • 2. 2 million of the 3. 2 million students graduated high school and was enrolled by October 2010. • High school graduates – slightly lower than the record high set in October 2009 • College enrollment for high school graduates in 2010 – – – 74. 0 percent for young women 62. 8 percent for young men Asians: 84. 0 percent White: 68. 6 percent Black: 61. 4 percent Hispanic 59. 6 percent Source: U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011

5 Major Health Issues at Colleges and Universities • • • Nutrition Stress Sleep Habits Sexual Health Alcohol

Nutrition: College Verses High School • No parents; no boundaries • “Freshman 15” – Stress – Sedentary lifestyle – Changes in food intake • Buffet-style • Irregular Schedule Source: Nutrition and Well-Being, 2012

Reality of Freshman Year • “Freshman 15" is a myth – College men gain about 5. 5 pounds - College women gain about 4. 5 pounds. • 66% don't consume five servings of fruits and vegetables a day. • 50% don't get enough fiber. • 60% eat too much artery-clogging saturated fat. • 30% of women don't get enough calcium. • 59% know their diet has gone downhill Source: USA Today, 2002

Your First Wealth is HEALTH • • Get 8 hours of sleep a night Avoid skipping meals; eat breakfast Manage portion size Drink lots of water! Eat your fruits and vegetables Exercise regularly Keep healthy snacks in your room Source: Nutrition and Well- Being, 2012

Nutrition Intervention: College eating habits are clogged with fat • Where: Tufts University in Medford, Mass • Tufts Longitudinal Health Study of 1, 800 college students • Eating Habits during college years followed into their 20 s and 30 s • Findings: – 32% report decline in their body image – 40% of normal weight college women perceive that they are overweight. – 41% report a decline in their overall feeling of happiness. Source: USA Today, 2002

Stress • What is Stress? • Stress is a fact of life. – Both good and bad • Balancing stress is not easy. • Events that provoke stress are called stressors. • Natural Reaction is known as stress response; how your body reacts. Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012

A Stressful Time • Leading Causes of Stress – Workload – Hard tests – Adjusting to roommate(s) • 85% of college students feel stressed daily. • 70% of students did not consider to speak to a counselor. • 30% of all of new students feel overwhelmed • 10% have been diagnosed with depression Source: Stress Doctor

• • • • Financial support from college 48 • Sexual difficulties 45 Death of spouse 100 • Serious argument with significant other 40 Female unwed pregnancy 99 • Academic probation 39 Death of a parent 80 Male partner in unwed pregnancy 77 • Change in major 37 • New love interest 36 Divorce 73 • Increased workload from college 31 Death of a close family member 70 • Outstanding personal achievement Death of a close friend 65 29 Divorce between parents 63 • First term in college 28 Jail term 61 • Serious conflict with instructor 27 Major personal injury or illness 60 • Lower than expected grades 25 Marriage 55 • Change in college (transfer) 24 Fired from a job 50 • Change in social activities 22 Loss of fi • Change in sleeping habits 21 Failing grade in important or • Change in eating habits 19 required class 47 • Minor violation 15 Are you stressed?

In general… Stress Management Strategies • • Eat well balanced meals Include at least a 20 minute aerobic exercise Avoid caffeine Reduce refined sugars Get at least 7 hours of sleep Go for a walk Physical contact: hug someone, play with a pet Source: Stress and The College Student, 2006

For college… Stress Management Strategies • • • Go to class Keep up with course work Form healthy relationships Talk to someone about your problems Get to know your professors Maintain communication with your family and high school friends Source: Stress and The College Student, 2006

Stress Intervention • Stress of personal conflict trigger cytokines? • The researchers paid 122 young adults (53 men and 69 women) – Fill out diaries about days activities for 8 days – Including interactions with others (positive or negative) • Given Stress Tests; salvia samples before and after test • Results: cytokines level went up to negative stress Source: U. S. National Library of Medicine, 2012

Sleep Habits in College • College students are significantly sleep-deprived • Have negative effects on cognitive abilities • Lead to chronic diseases and conditions – Diabetes – Cardiovascular – Diseases – Obesity – Depression • Larks verses owl Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011

5 Ideas for better sleep • • • Be active during the day Avoid alcohol and drugs Say goodnight to electronics Keep a sleep routine Expect a goodnight sleep Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Larks verses Owls • GPA study by Psychologist Jennifer Peszka • 89 incoming Hendrix College freshmen ages 17 to 20 – Questionnaire: Sleep “hygiene” • Year later asked about GPA in college • Results: – Owl’s GPA averaged 2. 84 – Lark’s GPA averaged 3. 18 Source: Time Health, 2009

Sexual Health in College • What is Sexual Health? – Absence of disease • 72% of college students admit they have “hooked up” – 35% kissing and touching – 12% hand-to-genital stimulation – 12% say its oral sex – 40% of students polled say it means intercourse. Source: Identigene, 2011

Get the Facts on STIs • What is an Sexually transmitted infections? – Caused by infections; passed down through sexual contact – 80% don’t show symptoms – About 25% of college students • Common STIs on College Campus – Human Papillomavirus (HPV) – Chlamydia – Genital Herpes Source: Collegetimes, 2011

Sexual Health on College Campus: The Trojan Sexual Health Report Card • The Trojan Sexual Health Report Card looked at 100 public and private schools • Looked into: – Resources about sexual health – The depth of information available on the school’s Web site – The availability of condoms on campus • Key Findings Source: Sperling’s Best Places, 2010

Alcohol in the United States • Most abused and used drug for youth • Can lead to the increase of health issues: – i. e. injuries, violence, liver diseases, cancer • Underage Drinking – 11% of alcohol consumed • Binge Drinking – More than 90% • Alcohol Use Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Alcohol at College • 1, 700 college students die from alcohol-related accidents. • 599, 000 college students are injured while under the influence of alcohol. • 696, 000 students are assaulted by another student who's been drinking. • 97, 000 are victims of alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape. • 110, 000 are arrested for alcohol-related violations. • 2, 100, 000 drive while intoxicated. Source: University of Oregon, 2010

Alcohol Intervention • Study: Safer California Universities – College and community alcohol prevention strategies at 14 large public universities in California – Researchers led by Robert Saltz, Ph. D. , • Measured the proportion of drinking occasions in which students got drunk in various settings • Results for intervention universities: – Greater reductions of likelihood of intoxication at off -campus parties and at bars and restaurants Source: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010

References • • • • Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012. College Health and Safety. Retrieved from: http: //www. cdc. gov/family/college College. Times. 2011. 3 Most Common STD Among College Students. Retrieved from: http: //collegetimes. us/3 -most-common-stds-among-college-students/ Faqs. org. 2012. Nutrition and Well-Being. Retrieved from: http: //www. faqs. org/nutrition/Smi. Z/index. html Identigene. 2011. STD Awareness Among College Students. Retrieved from: http: //www. identigene. com/std-testing/blog/2011/04/std-awareness-among-college-students/ Medline Plus. 2012. Study Show How Stress Triggers Immune System. Retrieved from: http: //www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_121091. html National Health Ministries. 2006. Stress and The College Student. Retrieved from: http: //www. uic. edu/depts/wellctr/docs/Stress%20 and%20 the%20 College%20 Student. pdf Pictures in Power. Point. Retrieved from http: //www. google. com/imghp? hl=en&tab=ii Sperling’s Best Places. 2010. Sexual Health on College Campuses. Retrieved from: http: //www. bestplaces. net/docs/studies/sexualhealth. aspx Stress Doctor. 2012. Stress Statistics. Retrieved from: http: //www. quotes-aboutstress. com/stress-statistics. php Time Health. 2009. Larks and Owls. Retrieved from: http: //www. time. com/time/health/article/0, 8599, 1903838, 00. html University of Oregon. 2010. College Drinking- A Few Statistics. Retrieved from: http: //uodos. uoregon. edu/Supportand. Education/Substance. Abuse. Preventionand. Student. Success/College. Drinking/tabi d/82/Default. aspx USA Today. 2002. College eating habits are clogged with fat. Retrieved from: http: //www. usatoday. com/news/health/diet/2002 -01 -10 -college-eating. htm U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2011. College Enrollment and Work Activity of 2010 High School Graduates. Retrieved from: http: //www. bls. gov/news. release/hsgec. nr 0. htm and http: //www. bls. gov/news. release/pdf/hsgec. pdf U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2010. NIH-Supported study finds Strategies to Reduce College Drinking. Retrieved from: http: //www. nih. gov/news/health/nov 2010/niaaa-12. htm