College of Engineering Civil and Environmental Engineering Department

College of Engineering Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Using Total Station and GPS to Create Surveying Maps and Ground Control Points at Portion of Majmaah City Students Abdullah S. Al. Shuwaire Abdulaziz A. Al. Hussain Ahmed K. Al. Jaber Ali A. Al. Tayyar Mouath A. Al. Modayd Meshal M. Al. Rasheed Supervisor Dr. Sameh S. Ahmed Referee Committee Dr. Yassir G El-Arki A presentation prepared as part of the B. Sc. Exam of Senior Design (CE 498) Jan. 2017 1

Outlines • • • Introduction Objectives Background Grid leveling Topographic Contour Map 2

Introduction • Surveying is one of the most important operations for civil engineering projects. • Several methods and instruments (with different accuracy) are available to conduct surveying measurements. • The students are aiming to carry out several surveying measurements at a portions of Majmaah city, KSA. • The main objective is to create new leveling map, topographic contour map, ground control points. . etc. that can be used later to build GIS) for the city. 3

Objectives The main objectives of this senior design are: ü To producing surveying maps using modern surveying instruments such as Total Station and GPS. ü Make a topographic map for a portion in the same city. ü Establish new control points in the areas with a few benchmarks and provide accurate X, Y and Z for these points. ü Design a simple curve for road construction. ü Display the results as contour maps using up to date Surveying Software’s such as Civil 3 D and Surfer Software’s. 4

Targets of Part I Target 1 Knowledge and background about Types of Surveying Target 2 Create contour map using Grid Leveling Level and Surfer Software Target 3 Create Topographic contour map using, Total Station and Civil 3 D Software 5

Software’s and Instruments Total Station Surfer Digital Theodolites Software’s Instruments Civil 3 D GPS MS Office Word , Excel, Power Point Level 6

Project Timetable – Part (I) Planned processes of major tasks 1 Background Month 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 Surveying Instruments 2 3 Field work (1) for Grid Leveling 4 Surfer and Civil 3 D Software's Fieldwork (2) Contour map using Total Station 6 Using Software's to create maps 7 Writing Project Report: Part (1) 5 7

Project Timetable – Part (2) 8 9 10 11 12 Planned processes of major 10 tasks Fieldwork (3) Cadastral maps Establishment of control points using GPS and Total Station Close Traverse Computations Using Digital Theodolite Design of simple curve road and getting results Writing Project Report: Part (2) Month 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 8

Accuracy and Precision Two important definitions have to be remembered : 1) Accuracy: describes how close a measurement is to the true value. 2) Precision: describes how close the measurements are to each other. 9

Types of Surveys 1) Control survey: a survey made to establish the horizontal or vertical positions of arbitrary points. 10

2) Cadastral, land, boundary, or property survey: a survey made to establish the positions of boundary lines on the ground. 11

3) Topographic surveying: a survey conducted to determine the configuration of the ground. 12

4) Construction surveying: surveys executed to locate or lay out engineering works. 13

5) Plane surveying: is that branch of surveying wherein all distances and horizontal angles are assumed to be projected onto one horizontal plane. 14

6) Global Positioning System (GPS): GPS is a tool uses for precise positioning of points. It operates through satellites which send out signals to a receiver. 15

7) Total Station Surveying: The total station is an electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an electronic distance. 16

Surfer Software: displays the contour maps and 3 D shape for any points at surface. 17

3 D Civil Software: is an engineering software application used by civil engineers and other professionals to plan, design, and manage civil engineering projects. 18

Gird Leveling 19

Benchmarks and Control Points • Two Points near the study area were used to define control points 20

Total Station Total station is used to calculate X, Y and Z Coordinates for some points near the study area to draw a contour map. 21

Grid Leveling An area of 240 m x 200 m was selected and work done to divide the are into a grid of 10 x 10 m Northern Coordinates, (m) Portion (I): Grid Distribution 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 Eastern Coordinates, (m) 22

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Calculations 26

Rise and Fall Method 27

Arithmetic check: 1 ) Number of BS = Number of FS = 42 2 ) Sum of BS - Sum of FS = Z of last point - Z of First point = 0. 172 28

Characteristics of contour lines Character 1. 2. 3. 4. Contour lines must close, not necessarily in the limits of the plan. The horizontal distance between any two contour lines indicates the amount of slope and varies inversely on the amount of slope Widely spaced contour indicates flat surface Closely spaced contour indicates steep slope ground 29

Characteristics of contour lines Character 5. 6. 7. 8. Equally spaced contour indicates uniform slope. Irregular contours indicate uneven surface Approximately concentric closed contours with decreasing values towards centre indicate a pond Approximately concentric closed contours with increasing values towards centre indicate hills 30

Characteristics of contour lines Character 9. Contour lines with U-shape with convexity towards lower ground indicate ridge 10. Contour lines with V-shaped with convexity towards higher ground indicate valley 31

Contour maps using Surfer 32

Color contour map of Area (A) 33

3 D representation of Area (A) 34

Natural 3 D representation of Area (A) 35

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Lower Surface Level Surface defined by Z = 720 m Volumes Total Volumes by: Trapezoidal Rule: -47643. 61 m 3 Simpson's Rule: -47644. 77 m 3 Simpson's 3/8 Rule: -47645. 37 m 3 Cut & Fill Volumes Positive Volume [Cut]: 10142. 1 m 3 Negative Volume [Fill]: 57784. 5 m 3 Net Volume [Cut-Fill]: -47642. 4 m 3 Areas Planar Areas Positive Planar Area [Cut]: 10184. 35 m 2 Negative Planar Area [Fill]: 37815. 64 m 2 Blanked Planar Area: 0 Total Planar Area: 48000 m 2 38

Lower Surface Level Surface defined by Z = 718. 5 m Volumes Total Volumes by: Trapezoidal Rule: 24356. 38 m 3 Simpson's Rule: 24355. 22 m 3 Simpson's 3/8 Rule: 24354. 62 m 3 Cut & Fill Volumes Positive Volume [Cut]: 35934. 54 m 3 Negative Volume [Fill]: 11576. 97 m 3 Net Volume [Cut-Fill]: 24357. 57 m 3 Areas Planar Areas Positive Planar Area [Cut]: 10184. 35 m 2 Negative Planar Area [Fill]: 37815. 64 m 2 Blanked Planar Area: 0 Total Planar Area: 48000 m 2 39

Selected Sections U T S R Q P O N M L K J I H G F E D C B A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 40

Cross sections along X direction 41

Cross sections along Y direction 42

Topographic Map Point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ground Northing, (m) 2863164 2863264 2863168 2863166 2863170 2863174 2863180 2863185 570 571 572 573 2863165 2863214 2863216 2863223 Ground Elevation, Easting, (m) DES 537082. 3 718. 588 C 537126. 6 719. 102 C 537344. 7 738. 99 C 537085. 9 718. 473 C 537090. 3 718. 463 S 537097. 3 718. 609 S 537104. 4 718. 71 S 537110. 2 718. 877 S 537210. 8 537223. 7 537218. 5 537213. 2 725. 92 725. 49 726. 365 726. 429 S S 43

Topographic Map- Area (B) 44

3 D of the Topographic Area (B) 45

Natural 3 D Area (B) 46

Topographic Map using Civil 3 D 47

Conclusions Throughout this senior design part (1) we have: • Conduced background of some surveying method that we plan to use in the project • Got use very well of with different surveying instrument especially, Total Station, Digital Theodolite, and different levels instruments. • Being able to use Surfer and Civil 3 D in different surveying works 48

Conclusions • Created a contour map using Grid Level, calculations done using Excel and maps produced using Surfer 8 Software. • Use Total Station and Civil 3 D to create an accurate topographic contour map of part of Majmaah city. • Got a training course on the application of Total Station (6 hrs) including practical field work. 49

Next Stage The students are egger to continue their study and work in the field of Surveying and complete the project according to the time table explained later in this presentation. 50

Thank You 51