College English Writing Lecture 1 How to Use

























- Slides: 25
College English Writing 《大学英语写作》 Lecture 1 How to Use Words
How to Use Words ¡How to Use Words
I. Word Formation: ¡ 1. Conversion(转化): ¡ Nothing dries sooner than a tear. 什么也没 有眼泪干得快。 ¡ Only thus can we better the life of the people.
2. Compounding(合成): ¡ What they need is a down-to-earth spirit. ¡ She sent me a forget-me –never. ¡
3. Derivation(派生): ¡ 词根(Base) +后缀(Suffixes) : globe, global, globalize, globalization ¡ 词根(Base) +前缀(Prefixes): like: dislike, unlike; write: pre-write, rewrite
4. Clipping(截短法) 或Shortening( 缩短法): ¡ 1) 截头: ¡ telephone—phone bicycle—cycle aeroplane—plane
2) 去尾: ¡ advertisement—ad ¡ mathematics—maths ¡ examination—exam
5. Blends(混合词): ¡ news broadcast — newscast 新闻广播 ¡ television broadcast — telecast 电视播送 ¡
6. Acronym(首字母缩略词): ¡ WTO — World Trade Organization ¡ UNESCO; OPEC; NBA
不及物动词汇 + 介词: ¡ depend on, rely on, insist on, concentrate on, focus on ¡ believe in, persist in, participate in, succeed in, specialize in ¡ account for说明, compensate for补偿, apologize for, pay for ¡ consist of, approve of, dream of, inform of, remind of ¡ escape from, suffer from, benefit from, refrain from 抑制, ¡ aim at, laugh at, stare at, gaze at ¡ object to, refer to, confess to承认, react to,
动词 + doing: ¡ abandon, admit, advocate倡导, anticipate 期望,预料, appreciate感激,欣赏, avoid, be busy doing, can’t face doing不能面对, can’t help doing不禁, can’t stand doing 不能 忍受, celebrate doing,
2. 介词短语: ¡ because of, ¡ due to, ¡ for the sake of, ¡ in comparison with, ¡ in contrast with, ¡ according to,等等。
3. 连词短语: ¡ not only …but also…, ¡ neither…nor…, ¡ either …or… , ¡ no sooner…than…, 等等。
Other examples ¡ statesman, politician ¡ be sorry, regret; apologize ¡ abolish , cease , suspend, discontinue, stop , pause, truce, halt ¡ bear, endure, tolerate, stand, put up with
二、 措词汇要具体: ¡ 从语义上, 恰当使用一般词汇和具体词汇: ¡ 概括性的、笼统的、抽象模糊的词汇叫一般词汇; 详细的、 具体的、 生动鲜明的词叫具体词汇。 ¡ 例如: professionals(专业人员)和scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalists等; ¡ scientists 和physicists, chemists, biologists 等 ¡ He is a good man. : kind, honest, just , generous, sympathetic, warm-hearted, selfless, brave, honorable
三、 用词汇要简洁: ¡ 言简意赅、字字珠玑 ¡ 能用一个词表达的不用词组, 能用一个词或 一个短语表达的不有用从句。 ¡ Because of the fact that… because ¡ Become accustomed to be used to ¡ With the exception that… except ¡ In spite the fact that… although
四、 用词要符合文化语言习惯: ¡ 1. 符合英语搭配习惯: ¡ make a living, make a decision, make a choice, make a plan, make one’s promise make a noise ¡ do me a favor, do one’s job ¡ acquire knowledge 获得知识 ¡ get a job 获得 作 ¡ achieve success 获得成功 ¡ gain reputation 获得声誉 ¡ attain one’s end 达到目的
2. 符合英语文化习惯: ¡ He is eating lunch. (错) ¡ I am having my lunch. (对) ¡ Smoking is harmful to your body. (错) ¡ Smoking is harmful to your health. (对) ¡ I am doing homework. (错) ¡ I am doing my homework. (对)