Collective Flow Measurements from the PHENIX Experiment Shin

Collective Flow Measurements from the PHENIX Experiment Shin. Ichi Esumi for the PHENIX Collaboration CONTENTS higher order event anisotropy event plane correlation v 2, v 3, v 4 in 200 Ge. V Au+Au 2 -particle correlation energy dependence of vn direct-photon v 2 PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 1

y v 3 and Initial Fluctuation Reaction Plane (x-z) x x ar. Xiv: 1003. 0194 z y y black-disk --> sign-flipping v 3 initial fluctuation --> no-sign-flipping v 3 PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba x 2

RXN l a r e v e s s e th udi i t w s e ic g t a r a e em v o st c y s f or o f e g ors n a ct r e e t d e i d W P. R. MPC 2 cm Pb converter in front (reaction plane detector) Pb. W 04 (muon piston EM-calorimeter) d. N/d -5 0 5 BBC (beam-beam quartz. Cherenkov detector) (zero degree n calorimeter ZDC/SMD /shower max detector) CNT (PHENIX central tracking arm) PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 3

n = <cos n( n(meas. ) - n(true))> better resolution Reaction plane resolution of nth order plane 200 Ge. V Au+Au PHENIX Preliminary n=2 RXN n=3 RXN n=4 RXN n=2 MPC n=3 MPC RXN | | = 1. 0 ~ 2. 8 MPC | | = 3. 1~ 3. 7 positive correlation in 3 between opposite up to 3 ~ 4 centrality (%) No sign flipping in 3 observed --> Initial geometrical fluctuation PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 4

No visible correlation between 3 and 2 ar. Xiv: 1105. 3928 200 Ge. V Au+Au • same harmonics 2( 2 - 2) ~ 10% 3( 3 - 3) ~ 1% • weak negative correlation between 3 and 1 A: RXN( >0) B: BBC( <0) C: MPC( >0) D: MPC( <0) • hint for rapidity anti-symmetric v 3 contribution Fluctuation dominance for 3 PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 5

v 2{ 2}, v 3{ 3}, v 4{ 4} at 200 Ge. V Au+Au ar. Xiv: 1105. 3928 (1) v 3 is comparable to v 2 at 0~10% (2) weak centrality dependence on v 3 (3) v 4{ 4} ~ 2 x v 4{ 2} PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France charged particle vn : | |<0. 35 reaction plane n : | |=1. 0~2. 8 All of these are consistent with initial fluctuation. Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 6

v 3 breaks the degeneracy ar. Xiv: 1105. 3928 Glauber Smaller eccentricity v 2 CGC Larger eccentricity v 3 provides an additional constraining power on the hydro-model. Glauber & 4 /s=1 works v 3 CGC-KLN & 4 /s=2 fails B. Alver et. al. , Phys. Rev. C 82, 034913(2010). B. Schenke et. al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 042301(2011). H. Petersen et. al. , Phys. Rev. C 82, 041901(2010). Glauber & 4 /s=1 favored PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 7

Identified /K/p v 3{ 3} at 200 Ge. V Au+Au • lower p. T particle mass dependence radial flow • intermediate p. T baryon / meson splitting common systematic error for all 3 species quark coalescence at hadronization with partonic v 3 Radial & Partonic collective flow seen in v 3 PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 8

Does v 3 explain Ridge and Mach-Cone? e g Rid ( rad ) Mach-Cone Ridge : long range correlation at near-side Cone : double peak/shoulder at away-side (long in ) v 3 : initial fluctuation is common over wide range of PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 9

2 -particle correlation between central and forward CNT RXN 200 Ge. V Au+Au 20~30% PHENIX Preliminary mach-cone RXN: | |=1. 0~2. 8 CNT: (| |<0. 35) charged hadrons p. T=2~4(Ge. V/c) ridge C 2( ) clear 3 rd order moment seen in long range correlation v 1 + v 2 fit data - fit + 1 (CNT) (RXN) PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France another way of extracting the vn parameters with forward anisotropy vn without using n Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 10

2 -particle correlation between central and central v 3 Bulk flow + jet (cent. -cent. 2 -part. ) small difference Bulk flow (forw. 3 E. P. ) Hydro model with Glauber & 4 /s=1 works B. Alver et. al. , Phys. Rev. C 82, 034913(2010). PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 11

Flow subtraction/correction with measured v for central-central 2 -particle correlation 200 Ge. V Au+Au 0 -20%, inc. g-had. n v 2 BG corrected v 2 , v 3 , v 4 BG corrected PHENIX preliminary mach-cone is mostly gone remaining medium effect seen (correlated pair yield by absolute normalization) PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 12

Observed left/right asymmetry remains after “the usual/normal” v 3 subtraction. Trigger angle selection w. r. t. 2 separately for left(up) / right(down) out-of-plane trigger case Trigger angle selected 2 -part. corr. data are plotted in polar coordinate by rotating 2 R. P. angle as X-axis. Flow subtracted yield is shown radially with base line. Trig. in-plane trigger case 200 Ge. V Au+Au -> h-h (p. TTrig=2~4, p. TAsso=1~2 Ge. V/c) v 2(v 4{ 2})-only subtraction PHENIX preliminary 2 R. P. Trig. surface dominance penetration dominance Two competing processes seen PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 13

v 2{ 2}, v 3{ 3}, v 4{ 4} at 62 Ge. V Au+Au vn charged particle vn : | |<0. 35 reaction plane n : | |=1. 0~2. 8 similar results down to Au+Au 39 Ge. V PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 14

Beam energy dependence 39/62/200 Ge. V Au+Au 2 -particle correlation method between central and forward rapidities charged particle v 3 charged particle v 4 charged particle v 2 similar hydro-properties down to 39 Ge. V PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 15

Identified hadron v 2 at 39 Ge. V Au+Au (similar for 62 Ge. V Au+Au) PHENIX Preliminary Partonic collective flow down to 39 Ge. V PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 16

Comparable v 2 vs p. T from 39 Ge. V to 2. 76 Te. V ALICE Experiment, PRL 105, 252302 (2010) similar hydro-properties from 39 Ge. V to 2. 76 Te. V PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 17

Saturation of v 2 with beam energy Preliminary, STAR, PHENIX and E 895 data saturation of v 2 for given p. T around or below 39 Ge. V ALICE at 1. 7 Ge. V/c <v 2> still increases mainly because of the <p. T> rise. at 0. 7 Ge. V/c 103 104 Almost perfect fluidity from 39 Ge. V to 2. 76 Te. V PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 18

Measurement of 0 and inc. v 2 200 Ge. V Au+Au (min. bias) ar. Xiv: 1105. 4126 200 Ge. V Au+Au 20 -40% PHENIX Preliminary inc. v 2 ( 2 BBC) inc. v 2 with external conversion method significant difference between 0 and inc. v 2 above 5 Ge. V/c, difference between v 2{RXN} and v 2{BBC} due to jet bias. PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 19

R ratio and extracted dir. v 2 200 Ge. V Au+Au (min. bias) ar. Xiv: 1105. 4126 dir. v 2 is small at high p. T --> consistent with prompt photon surprisingly large dir. v 2 seen, similar to hadron v 2 at low p. T. PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 20

dir. v 2 Comparison of dir. v 2 with model calculations R. Chatterjee and D. K. Srivastava PRC 79, 021901(R) (2009) PRL 96, 202302 (2006) Several models have failed in v 2 magnitude with similar shape 200 Ge. V Au+Au 0 -20% p. T (Ge. V/c) Large v 2 of low p. T thermal photon --> challenge to theory calculations PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 21

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 22

Related PHENIX talks “PHENIX Measurements of Higher-order Flow Harmonics in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 Ge. V: Implications for Initial-eccentricity Models and the Specific Viscosity of the Quark Gluon Plasma” [Mon. 23 -May-2011 18: 30 -18: 50 Parallel 1 -7 Global and collective dynamics] Roy Lacey (Stony Brook Phys. ) “Measurement of Light Vector Mesons by PHENIX Experiment at RHIC” [Mon. 23 -May-2011 18: 50 Parallel 1 -8 Hadron thermodynamics and chemistry] Deepali Sharma (Weizmann) “Probing Nuclear Matter With Jets and gamma-Hadron Correlations: Results from PHENIX” [Tues. 24 -May-2011 17: 00 Parallel 2 -1 Jets] Nathan Grau (Columbia) “Identified particle v 3 measurements at 200 Ge. V Au+Au collisions at RHIC-PHENIX experiment” [Mon. 24 -May-2011 17: 20 -19: 30 Poster Session 1 + Wine and cheese] Sanshiro Mizuno (Univ. of Tsukuba) “Measurements of low mass dielectrons in Au+Au collisionswith the HBD upgrade of the PHENIX detector” [Thur. 26 -May-2011 16: 00 Parallel 5 -3 Electromagnetic probes] Mihael Makek (Weizmann) “Direct photon production in heavy ion collisions in PHENIX experiment at RHIC” [Thur. 26 -May-2011 16: 40 Parallel 5 -3 Electromagnetic probes] Edouard Kistenev (BNL Phys. ) “Collision energy dependence of the flow and spectra results in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=7. 7 -200 Ge. V from PHENIX” [Fri. 27 -May-2011 17: 50 -18: 10 Parallel 5 -4 Global and collective dynamics] Xiaoyang Gong (Stony Brook Chem. ) PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 23

Summary and Outlook ◆ Significant higher order event anisotropy observed • Consistent with initial geometrical fluctuation • Break degeneracy: Glauber & 4 /s=1 favored • Strong impact on Mach cone and ridge ◆ Almost perfect fluidity from 39 Ge. V to 2. 76 Te. V ◆ Direct photon v 2 observed • Small at high p. T --> consistent with p. QCD • Large in low p. T --> challenge to theory PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 24

Backup slides PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 25

Event plane resolution and raw track n. R. P. distribution 200 Ge. V Au+Au PHENIX Preliminary estimated from RXN(S) - RXN(N) | | = 1~2. 8 = 2 2 , 3 and 4 are defined for each event. MPC(S) - MPC(N) | | = 3. 1~3. 7 = 6. 2 PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 26

Event plane correlation between the same or different harmonics ar. Xiv: 1105. NNNN n = m case 200 Ge. V Au+Au n = m case A: RXN(N, >0) B: BBC(S, <0) C: MPC(N, >0) D: MPC(S, <0) PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France note: x 10 times scale difference between top and bottom. Additional factor of x 10 or x 20 between left and right. Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 27

Correlation between different harmonics (w. r. t spectator 1 ZDC) (%) <cos k( k. A - 1 C)> <cos k( k. B- 1 C)> A: BBC(S) [-3. 9, -3. 1] B: BBC(N) [3. 1, 3. 9] (%) 10 <cos. or. sin k( k - 1)> sin term 1 ( 1 - 1 ZDC(S+N)) 0 6 C: ZDC(S+N) | 5 (%) 2 ( 2 - 1 ZDC(S+N)) 0 200 Ge. V Au+Au PHENIX Preliminary (N-side flipped to combine) 0. 06 3 ( 3 - 1 ZDC(S+N)) 0 200 Ge. V Au+Au PHENIX Preliminary centrality (%) clear sign-flipping in v 1 , clear positive v 2 indication of sign-flipping in v 3 , sign(v 1) = sign(v 3) PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 28

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 29

comparison with theory calculations at 200 Ge. V Au+Au ar. Xiv: 1105. NNNN 200 Ge. V Au+Au charged particle vn Hydro-models succeed with Glauber initial fluctuation. PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 30

2 -particle correlation within central arm | |<0. 35 also gives similar v 2 and v 3 with some small increase at higher p. T from non-flow jet bias (| |=0. 3~0. 7) v 2 v 3 PHENIX preliminary with central-central 2 -particle-correlation at | |>0. 3 B. Alver et. al. , Phys. Rev. C 82, 034913(2010). B. Schenke et. al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 042301(2011). PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 31

<v 2> vn <v 3> <v 4> <vn> p. T=2 -2. 5 Ge. V/c <vn> p. T=0. 75 -1 Ge. V/c en : nth order glauber geom. anisotropy 0. 5 x en Npart PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 32

v 2{ 2}, v 3{ 3}, v 4{ 4} at 39 Ge. V Au+Au charged particle vn : | |<0. 35 reaction plane n : | |=1. 0~2. 8 vn PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 33

vn vn PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 34

PHENIX preliminary PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France PHENIX preliminary Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 35

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 36

Method of event plane determination (1) Detector calibration / cell-by-cell calibration (2) Q-vector, re-centering, normalization of width Q{n}x = i { wi cos (n i) } Q’{n}x = (Q{n}x - <Q{n}x>) / Q{n}x Q{n}y = i { wi sin (n i) } Q’{n}y = (Q{n}y - <Q{n}y>) / Q{n}y Q{1}x. ZDC = i { wi xi } / i { wi } Q{1}y. ZDC = i { wi yi } / i { wi } (3) n-th harmonics reaction plane {n} = atan 2 (Q’{n}y , Q’{n}x) / n (4) Fourier flattening (Sergei’s+Art’s method paper) n ’{n} = n {n} + i (2/i) { - <sin(i n {n})> cos(i n {n}) + <cos(i n {n})> sin(i n {n}) } (5) measure vn w. r. t. n and correct for E. P. resolution 2 -particle correlation among 3 -sub detectors Forward. Hit (F), Backward. Hit (B), Central. Track (C) (1) measure d distribution between 2 detectors weighting by the hit amplitude (2) normalize by the event mixing to make correlation functions for 3 combinations (3) fit the correlation with Fourier function to extract vn. Fvn. B, vn. Fvn. C and vn. Bvn. C (4) vn. F(Hit) and vn. B(Hit) can be determined as a function of centrality (5) vn. C(Track) can be determined as a function of centrality and p. T PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 37

Some couplings between “mach-cone-like and ridge-like emissions” and v 3 are expected to be there! PRL 104 (2010) 062301 What is the origin and what is the consequence? shoulder PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France ridge Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 38

case 1 case 2 beam rapidity case 3 beam rapidity spectator net-baryon ridge like near n-even : vn( ) = vn(- ) fluctuating initial condition n-odd : vn( ) = -vn(- ) midrapidity participant midrapidity all n : vn( ) = vn(- ) near side jet away side jet mach-cone like away PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 39

2 -part. correlation between central and forward CNT RXN 200 Ge. V Au+Au 20~30% PHENIX Preliminary CNT MPC C 2( ) - F( ) + 1 C 2( ) CNT: central tracks mid-rapidity (| |<0. 35) charged hadrons p. T=2~4(Ge. V/c) RXN: reaction plane detector forward | |=1. 0~2. 8 all cells/hits (charge weighting with Pb converter) F(x) = A {1 + 2 k=1~2 [pkcos(kx)] } F(x) = A {1 + 2 k=1~4 [pkcos(kx)] } MPC: muon piston calorimeter forward EM-cal | |=3. 1~3. 7 all cells/towers (e. T weighting) pn = vn. A vn. B clear 3 rd moment in two-particle correlation with large gap (CNT) (RXN) (CNT) (MPC) PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 40

central-central 2 -part. correlation with dependence 200 Ge. V Au+Au 0 -20%, inc. -had. 0<| |<0. 1<| |<0. 3<| |<0. 5<| |<0. 7 PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 41

200 Ge. V Au+Au flow subtraction with measured vn for cent-cent 2 -par. correlation 0 -20%, inc. -had. Fourier spectra of extracted jet shape PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 42

Probe the transverse geometry and/or dynamics with trigger angle selected 2 -particle correlation thin side mach-cone (shoulder region) ASSO- TRIG>0 near side (trigger direction) ASSO- TRIG<0 away side (head region) thick side mach-cone (shoulder region) ASSO- TRIG<0 PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 43

Flow subtracted 2 -particle correlation with trigger angle selection in 200 Ge. V Au+Au out-of-plane in-plane average 0 -20% 20 -50% 50 -93% 200 Ge. V Au+Au -> h-h (p. TTrig=2~4 Ge. V/c, p. TAsso=1~2 Ge. V/c) v 2(v 4{ 2})-only subtraction PHENIX preliminary PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 44

jet, di-jet and multi-particle correlation with various conditions Jet , Trig. 8 Jet , Trig. 7 7 6 3 2 5 4 7 6 8 6 5 4 3 1 1 8 2 2 1 PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 45

200 Ge. V Au+Au real photon v 2 and external conversion photon v 2 0 -20% 20 -40% PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France 40 -60% Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 46

200 Ge. V Au+Au Inclusive photon v 2 and 0 v 2 0 -20% 20 -40% PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France 40 -60% Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 47

200 Ge. V Au+Au Inclusive photon v 2 and decay photon v 2 0 -20% 20 -40% PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France 40 -60% Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 48

200 Ge. V Au+Au direct photon v 2 0 -20% 20 -40% PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France 40 -60% Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 49

0, inclusive, direct v 2 200 Ge. V Au+Au (min. bias) ar. Xiv: 1105. NNNN similar to hadron v 2 at low p. T much smaller v 2 at high p. T PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 50

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 51

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 52

Au+Au 30 -35% V. S. Pantuev ar. Xiv: 1105. 4033 v 1 Holopainen, Räsänen, Eskola ar. Xiv: 1104. 5371 v 1 PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 53