COLLECTING DATA TECHNIQUES AND PRINCIPLES NUZULUL ISNA S

DATA �Definition �Information researchers collect to respond to the questions OR �Hypotheses they are

Steps for gathering data Identifying the focus of the research Deciding what data are

Researcher’s consideration �“ The research questions need to drive the data gathering methods selected

Research design and methods for gathering data Research design Purpose Data gathering techniques Case

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COLLECTING DATA: TECHNIQUES AND PRINCIPLES NUZULUL ISNA S. Pd. I, M. S Second Language Research STKIP Muhammadiyah Blangpidie

DATA �Definition �Information researchers collect to respond to the questions OR �Hypotheses they are studying

Steps for gathering data Identifying the focus of the research Deciding what data are needed to best respond to this focus Selecting appropriate data gathering techniques Selecting appropriate sites and participants Developing appropriate tools to gather these data

Researcher’s consideration �“ The research questions need to drive the data gathering methods selected for a study. This ensures that gathered data are appropriate for answering those questions. ”

Research design and methods for gathering data Research design Purpose Data gathering techniques Case study To understand a ‘case’ (e. g. a person, group of people, or situation in depth Observation, interviews, document analysis Ethnography To understand the behaviors of an identified group of people Participant observation, interviews, collection and analysis of artifacts Grounded theory To develop a theory from data gathered in a natural setting Interviews, observation, collection and analysis of artifacts Phenomenology To understand an identified experience/s from the perspective of the participants In-depth interview, purposeful sampling of individual participants Descriptive To describe the natural occurrence of an outcome of interest and any demographic variations in this outcome Questi 0 nnaire, test, physical measurements (height, weight, fitness, movement skills) Correlational To explore relationship between (in the case of two variable) and among (in the case of more than two variables) variables of interest. Questi 0 nnaire, test, physical measurements (height, weight, fitness, movement skills) Experimental/quasi-experimental To determine the effect or impact of something(e. g. program or teaching method on selected outcome. Questionnaires, tests, physical measurement.

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