Cold War The Cuban Missile Crisis 12232021 SS

Cold War The Cuban Missile Crisis 12/23/2021 SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 1

The Cuban Missile Crisis Review nuclear arms race and Berlin Wall p The Cuban Missile Crisis p 12/23/2021 SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 2

I. Background- Cuban Missile Crisis i. 12/23/2021 North American Aerospace Defence (NORAD). a. During the Cold War, the biggest threat to the United States and Canada were missiles from the Soviet Union b. These missiles had to travel over the North Pole. c. The United States and Canada formed NORAD with its headquarters in Colorado Springs, Colorado d. Distant Early Warning System (DEW Line) was set up in Canada’s arctic to detect a SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 3 missile attack on North America

Cheyenne Mountain. NORAD SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 12/23/2021 4

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II. The Cuban Missile Crisis is known as the most dangerous crisis of the Cold War. ii. In 1959, a communist government took over the island of Cuba. 12/23/2021 a. Led by Fidel Castro b. Much of the industry in Cuba was American owned. When the communists took over it became publicly owned. c. Many wealthy Americans lobby gov’t for help. SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 6

The Cuban Missile Crisis iii. American President John F. Kennedy financed a counter-revolutionary force designed to overthrow Cuba’s communist gov’t a. 12/23/2021 THIS FORCE CONTAINED NO AMERICAN SOLDIERS, IT WAS MADE UP OF CUBANS WHO HAD MOVED TO THE STATES. SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 7

The Cuban Missile Crisis 12/23/2021 iv. Bay of Pigs Invasion: Kennedy’s forces invade at the Bay of Pigs on Cuba and are crushed by Castro’s forces v. Castro asks Khrushchev for help and the Soviets immediately send all kinds of weapons to Cuba. vi. Kennedy became worried and ordered a close watch on Cuba. SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 8

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John F. Kennedy USA 12/23/2021 SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 10

Nikita Khrushchev U. S. S. R. 12/23/2021 SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 11

Fidel Castro Cuba 12/23/2021 SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 12

The Cuban Missile Crisis vi. 1962, American U 2 spy planes took photographs of Soviet nuclear launch sites under construction in Cuba a. vii. 12/23/2021 THE SOVIETS PROBABLY DID THIS IN RESPONSE TO THE AMERICANS HAVING LAUNCH SITES IN TURKEY, VERY CLOSE TO THE USSR. Kennedy ordered an immediate naval blockade of Cuba and told Khrushchev to remove the launch pads or face massive retaliation from an American nuclear attack SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 13

U 2 Spy Plane 12/23/2021 SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 14

JFK on the Cuban Missile Crisis 12/23/2021 SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 15

The Cuban Missile Crisis viii. The tension lasted for 10 days until the convoy of Soviet ships came face to face with the American ships. a. THIS IS THE CLOSEST THE WORLD HAS EVER BEEN TO THE DESTRUCTION OF NUCLEAR WAR. ix. Khrushchev orders the Soviet ships to turn around and go home. x. Kennedy wins the game of brinkmanship xi. Khrushchev, soon after, destroyed the launch sites in exchange for the USA staying out of Cuba’s affairs. 12/23/2021 SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 16

The Cuban Missile Crisis xii. The Soviets put missiles in Cuba for two reasons: 1. To close the ‘missile gap’ that existed between them and the U. S. 2. To use missiles as a bargaining chip in negotiations over Berlin. xiii. The missiles in Cuba were unacceptable to the Americans for two reasons: 1. The warning time for a missile attack was now reduced to a matter of minutes. 2. The missiles in Cuba were pointed at the ‘soft underbelly’ of America whose defences were pointed to the North – DEW Line and NORAD. 12/23/2021 SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 17

The Cuban Missile Crisis xvi. 12/23/2021 Consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis a. A “Hot-line” is set up b/w Washington and Moscow b. Americans pull nuclear weapons out of Turkey c. Partial test ban treaty- banning tests in the air or ocean d. Soviets and Americans agree to meet more often to resolve outstanding issues SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 18

III. Problems with Nuclear War i. ii. 12/23/2021 Short Term: a. Thermo-nuclear destruction b. Cities destroyed Long Term: a. Exaggerated Greenhouse Effect b. Nuclear Winter c. Nuclear Fallout- poisons Earth w/ radiation SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 19

The Cuban Missile Crisis p p p p Terms Brinkmanship Cuban Missile Crisis NORAD Bay of Pigs Invasion Fidel Castro JFK Nikita Khrushchev 12/23/2021 SS 30 Cold War - Cuban Missile Crisis 20