Cold War Roots Conference at Yalta Soviet Union

Cold War Roots

Conference at Yalta Soviet Union fought West controlling all of Eastern Europe l United States and Britain fought East controlling Western Europe l Met in middle - Germany l Yalta l United States, Britain, Soviet Union l Agreed: Divide Germany into zones l l l East Germany = German Democratic Republic West Germany = Federal Republic of Germany will pay (reparations? ) to Soviet Union for loss of life and property Free Elections in Eastern Europe

Division of Germany (Yalta) & Berlin (Potsdam)

Goals of the 2 Super Powers l l United States Encourage Democracy to prevent spread of Communism Access materials and markets to fuel economy Rebuild European governments for stability Reunite Germany – stability and security Soviet Union Encourage Communism for worldwide workers’ revolution (Spread Communism) l Rebuild its economy using Eastern Europe’s resources l Use Eastern Europe as a buffer from the West l Keep Germany divided to prevent war (France? ) l

Wall of Satellite Nations l Shield itself from a Western invasion l History of European invasions Soviets pushed Nazis West capturing Eastern Europe l Free Elections? l l Installed Communist Governments: Romania, Bulgaria

Iron Curtain Video l “Iron Curtain” represents the division between Mostly Democratic Western Europe l Communist Eastern Europe l l Go To Real. Player

Truman Doctrine l “I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressure. ” l Truman, March 12, 1947 l Truman Doctrine: limiting Communism to the areas it already controlled, Containment

Marshall Plan Post war Europe was destroyed, breeding ground for Communism l Marshall Plan: massive aid program, including food and economic assistance to help rebuild European countries l Stalin rejected Marshall Plan l

Berlin Airlift ¾ of Berlin controlled by Western Democracies lay deep within Eastern Germany l June, 1948 : Sealed off rail and highway access to Berlin (lack of utlities) l Western Response: Massive airlift for more than a year with food, medicine and fuel l Why?

l Define l North the following on this paper: Atlantic Treaty Organization l Warsaw Pact