Cold War Revision book 1 Person country Aims

Cold War Revision book 1

Person / country Aims Stalin (USSR) Churchill (UK) Roosevelt (USA) 2

What happened at Yalta. Write down 4 What happened at Postdam. Write key agreements / disagreements down 4 key agreements / disagreements What was its importance / consequences? Potential exam question: Q 3 - Write an account of how the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences led to 3 international tension. (8 marks)

Impact of the USA dropping the A-bomb The Soviets Developed their own bomb The Soviet Union expanded in Eastern Europe to protect themselves For example, What was the Buffer Zone? Give example of all the countries the Soviet Union took over 1945 - 48 and some methods they used. Q 3 - Potential exam question: Write an account of how the dropping of the A –bomb led to increased international tension. (8 marks) 4

Impact of Soviet Expansion in Eastern Europe List the countries and dates the Soviet Union took over 1945 – 48 It increased tension with the USA It led to the Kennan Telegram It led to Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech The Policy of Containment. What was it? Marshall Aid / Plan. What was it? Why did it increase tension? Potential exam question: Q 3 Write an account of how Soviet Expansion in Eastern Europe led to increased international tension. (8 marks) 5

What was it? What was its impact? Truman Doctrine (Why was it important? How did it affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? ) 1. It led to the policy of containment 2. It led to the Marshall Plan 3. It led to the setting up of Cominform by the USSR Potential exam question: Q 3 Write an account of how the Truman Doctrine led to increased international tension. (8 marks) 6

What was it? Marshall Plan What was its importance / consequences? (Why was it important? How did it affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? ) 1. It led to a hostile response from the Soviet Union – Dollar Imperialism 2. It led to the division of Europe into two economic and political camps (spheres of influence) 3. It led to the setting up of Comecon by the Soviet Union Potential exam question: Q 3 Write an account of how the Marshall Plan led to increased international tension. (8 marks) 7

Cominform – What was it? Comecon – What was it? Pragu Cominform e and Sprin Comecon 2. g 8

Causes of the Berlin Blockade 1. Disagreements between the USA and the USSR over the future of Germany What was its importance / consequences? (Why was it important? How did it affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? ) 1. It caused the division of Germany into 2 countries 2. Formation of Bizonia and Trizonia 3. Introduction of a new currency Berlin blockade and Airlift Events – What happened during the blockade and airlift? Potential exam question - Write an account of how tension in Berlin 1947 – 9 developed into an international crisis 2. It resulted in the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact Potential exam question - Write an account of how the Berlin Blockade and Airlift increased Cold War tensions. 9

Q 4 – Essay planning Communism The actions of the USA Different ideologies Capitalism Who / what was most to blame for the Cold War The actions of the USSR Mutual suspicion and distrust Potential exam question - ‘The main reason for rising tension between the USA and the USSR 1945 -49 was the actions of the Soviet Union. ’ (16 marks) 10

What happened? Events in China 1945 – 49 What was its impact? (Why was it important? How did it affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? ) 1. It increased tension with the USA Money to Japan - Taiwan - NSC 68 - 2. It led to better relations between China and the USSR Potential exam question: Q 3 Write an account of how the events in China affected international relations. (8 marks) 11

What happened? The Korean War 1950 -3 What was its impact? (Why was it important? How did it affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? ) It increased tension with the USA - Give 5 examples of how - - Potential exam question: Q 3 Write an account of how the Korean War affected relations between the USA and the USSR. (8 marks) 1 2

What happened? The Vietnam War 55 - 75 What was its impact? (Why was it important? How did it affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? ) It increased tension between the USA and USSR. Fill in detail on the below: Domino Theory – US funding to French - USSR funding to North Vietnam – US funding to South Vietnam – US send troops – It was an example of containment failing - Potential exam question: Q 3 Write an account of how the events in Vietnam led to increased international tension. (8 marks) 1 3

What happened in? 1945 1949 – The Arms Race What was its impact? (Why was it important? How did it affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? ) It increased tension and made war MORE likely - Brinkmanship - MAD - Impact on ordinary people - Cost 1952 – 1953 – 1957 – 1960 – Polaris – What was MAD? It made war LESS likely - Deterrent Potential exam question: Q 3 Write an account of how the Arms Race 1945 – 60 affected international relations. (8 marks) 1 4

Key events in the Space Race: The Space Race What was its impact? (Why was it important? How did it affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? ) It linked with the arms race – missile technology It was used in propaganda Increased fear on both sides Increased competition for prestige Potential exam question: Q 3 Write an account of how the Space Race increased international tension. 1 5 (8 marks)

What happened? Hungarian Uprising 1956 What was its importance / consequences? (Why was it important? How did it affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? 1. The USA showed it was not prepared to intervene in an existing communist country 2. Khrushchev’s position became more secure 3. The USA’s reputation suffered 4. Relations between the USA and the USSR got worse Potential exam question: Q 3 Write an account of how the Hungarian Uprising of 1956 increased international tension. (8 marks) 16

Give at least 3 examples coming out of each point Q 4 – Essay planning Actions of both Actions of the USA Why did tension increase in the 1950 s? Actions of the USSR Potential exam question: ‘The main reason for the tension between East and West in Europe in the 1950 s was the actions of the Soviet Union. ’ (16 marks) 17

What happened? The U 2 Crisis 1960 What was its importance / consequences? (Why was it important? How did it affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? It increased tension - Give 5 examples of how - - - Potential exam question: Q 3 Write an account of how U 2 Crisis increased international tension. (8 marks) 18

What was its importance / consequences? (Why was it important? How did it Causes of the building of the Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? ) Explain the following 1. People in East Berlin were trapped 2. It solved Khrushchev’s problem of refugees fleeing East Germany 3. It enhanced the reputation of Kennedy (talk about his visit) 4. It avoided a war over Berlin 5. It made relations with the USSR worse and increased tension Potential exam question - Write an account explaining why the Berlin Wall was built in 1961 Potential exam question - Write an account of how the Berlin Wall increased Cold War tensions. 1 9

What were US relations with Cuba like before 1960? What were the consequences of the failed invasion at the Bay of Pigs? How did Cuba change under Castro? Cuban Crisis 1959 – 62 How did the US government react? Why did Khrushchev put missiles on Cuba? What happened at the Bay of Pigs 1961 ? Potential exam question - Write an account explaining why a crisis developed in Cuba 1959 -62 2 0

What happened in the Cuban Missile Crisis? Cuban Crisis 1962 What was its importance / consequences? (Why was it important? How did it affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ) 1. For international relations Hotline Test Ban Treaty – Outer Space Treaty - 2. For the USA 3. For the USSR 4. For Cuba Potential exam question - Write an account of how the Cuban Crisis affected international relations. 2 1

What happened (write a narrative about )? What was its importance / consequences? (Why was it important? How did it affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? What was Czechoslovakia like before 1968? 1. The Soviet Invasion – What happened? Prague Spring and Socialism with a Human Face Czechoslovakia 1968 What was The Prague Spring and Socialism with a human face? Potential exam question - Write an account explaining why a crisis developed in Czechoslovakia in 1968 2 2

What happened (write a narrative about )? The Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1968 What was its importance / consequences? (Why was it important? How did it affect relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? 1. Impact on Czechoslovakia 2. Impact on relations between communist countries What was the Brezhnev Doctrine? 3. Impact on relations between USSR and USA 4. Impact on the USA’s reputation Potential exam question - Write an account of how events in Czechoslovakia in 1968 increased international tension. 2 3

Give at least 3 examples coming out of each point Q 4 – Essay planning Actions of both Actions of the USA Why did tension increase in the 1960 s? Actions of the USSR Potential exam question: ‘The main reason for the tension between East and West in Europe in the 1960 s was the actions of the USA. ’ (16 marks) 24

What were the sources of tension by the end of the 1960 s? Human Rights The war in Vietnam Nuclear weapons Economic problems 25

What was its importance / consequences? (Why was it important? How did it affect Why was there a period of Détente? Détente and SALT 1 relations? What did it lead on to? What was its impact ? It eased tensions. For example - 1. Improving relationship between Nixon and Brezhnev 1. SALT 1 2 Write an account explaining how Détente helped to reduce international tension in the early 1970 s 6