Cold War Pt 1 The Beginnings PostWar Tensions

Cold War- Pt 1 The Beginnings

Post-War Tensions �US, Britain, and Soviet Union: Allies during WWII �Tensions started b/c of post-war Europe �Couldn’t agree on who should do what �Germany and its capital Berlin divided into 4 occupation zones Soviets (Communists) in East Berlin Americans, British, and French (Capitalist/ Democratic) in West Berlin West Europe US/British Forces East Europe Soviet Forces

�Who were the two leading superpowers following World War II?

Occupied Germany Occupied Berlin

Post-War Tensions �Stalin thought capitalist nations were against his communist state Wanted strong buffer zones to protect from capitalists �“The West” (US, W. Europe) believed Soviets were aggressive; they wanted to spread communism �Communism was threat to democracy and capitalism

�What political ideology did the United States and the Soviet Union support?

2 Different Ideologies (Ideas) • The Cold War is a fight between two ideas: Communism vs Capitalism Communism (command economy) Capitalism (free enterprise, market economy government determines what to make, how to make it, who gets it Government owns production (all business, materials) No private property- everything is “shared” so everyone has what they need (in theory) No extreme rich, no extreme poor- everyone is equal (in theory) and has the same amount Karl Marx wrote Communist Manifesto: ideas about communism economy determined by supply & demand; by the people Production (business) is privately owned (not state/government owned) Private property is respected and protected by law Leads to rich and poor, different classes

2 Different Ideologies (Ideas) �These ideas are totally opposite! �US and Soviet Union competing to spread their ideology after WWI We were both Superpowers and wanted more countries on our side Why did the opposing ideologies of the Soviet Union and US cause conflict?

Cold War �Cold War- tension between U. S. and U. S. S. R. after WWII �Its “cold” because there is no direct fighting between these two They each tried to control politics and economies of other countries to side with them �Both nations directly supported “hot” wars between other nations - called proxy wars Would send troops to help one side, but not technically fighting each other Ex: Korea, Vietnam Disagreed over future of Cuba

Iron Curtain �Stalin refused Eastern Europe (like Poland) to have free elections �Instead, he put in communist governments Those countries became puppet states Were a “buffer” between U. S. S. R. and the West �Churchill said these states fell behind an “Iron Curtain” Used to describe life under Soviet Union Line dividing East and West Europe

Draw a line representing the “Iron Curtain” divide in Europe

“…an iron curtain has descended across the continent…the capitals of Eastern Europe…which were small…has been raised to pre-eminence and power…seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control…this is certainly not the liberated Europe we fought to build up. Nor is it one which contains the essentials of permanent peace. ” — Winston Churchill

STAAR PRACTICE

BIG IDEA �Why is it called a “cold war? ”