Cold War Nuclear Arms Race 1953 1961 08

Cold War Nuclear Arms Race 1953 - 1961 08 March 2021 SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 1

Nuclear Arms Race Ø Review the Korean War Ø Nuclear Arms Race Ø Unit Packs 08 March 2021 SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 2

I. i. 08 March 2021 Peaceful Coexistence Prior to “the Thaw” the superpowers had two major confrontations: a. Berlin Airlift (1948) b. Korean War (1950 - 1953) SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 3

Berlin Airlift Blockade of Berlin began on June 24, ’ 48 Ø From June 1948 to May 1949, U. S. and British planes airlift 1. 5 million tons of supplies to the residents of West Berlin. Ø After 200, 000 flights, the Soviet Union lifts the blockade. SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Ø 08 March 2021 Race 4

Operation Vittles All of the necessities for the city's 2. 5 million residents -- an estimated 4, 500 tons of food, coal and other materials each day -- had to enter the city by air. Ø On its biggest day, the "Easter parade" of April 16, 1949, the airlift sent 1, 398 flights into Berlin -one every minute. Ø Before it was all over, more than 278, 000 flights would carry 2. 3 million tons of relief supplies. Ø 08 March 2021 SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 5

Peaceful Coexistence ii. Following the end of the Korean War and the death of Stalin (1953) a new era of Soviet/American relations emerged. iii. After Stalin’s death (1953), many men tried to become leader of the Soviet Union. a. Nikita Khrushchev won b. More moderate than Stalin and believed in peaceful coexistence c. Destalinization d. Khrushchev renounces the Soviet goal of world revolution and the spread of communism e. 08 March 2021 “Can’t we all just get along” SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 6

Peaceful Coexistence iv. The Americans were sceptical of this new attitude 08 March 2021 SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 7

Peaceful Coexistence v. 08 March 2021 In 1952, Dwight Eisenhower, who was extreme, becomes President. a. Eisenhower believes in the “Domino Theory”: that if one country falls to communism others will follow. b. He hired John Foster Dulles as his Secretary of State (Foreign Affairs) c. Dulles hated communists. He wanted more containment and to liberate communist satellite countries d. Dulles created SEATO -Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, similar to NATO SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 8

Dwight Eisenhower 08 March 2021 SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 9

Peaceful Coexistence vi. 08 March 2021 Dulles best known for: a. Brinkmanship: Never back down; would rather die than surrender (see next slide) b. Massive retaliation: Any Attack on the USA would result in retaliation of massive amounts of H-bombs SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 10

Brinkmanship Ø On the verge of… Ø An attempt to push a dangerous situation as far as possible-without conceding anything to your opponent.

Peaceful Coexistence vii. 08 March 2021 The “Thaw” comes to an end with the Hungarian Uprising (1956). a. Hungarian people take to the streets demanding the w/drawl of Soviet troops. b. Want Hungarian independence c. Soviets respond by crushing the revolution w/ tanks and troops SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 12

II. Nuclear Arms Race (1953 - 1960) i. In 1949, the Soviet Union tested their first Atomic Bomb. ii. The Soviet Union knew that it was behind in its technology and immediately increased production. iii. Nuclear Arms Race was underway a. By 1953, both sides had developed H-bombs which were more powerful. Each side felt that if they were too weak, the other side would attack. http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=rx. IIDmuj 8 ZE 08 March 2021 SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 13

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Nuclear Arms Race iv. 08 March 2021 Mutual Deterrence: Assuring that your nation can destroy the enemy with nuclear weapons so that they will not attack a. MAD Mutual Assured Destruction: a Cold War theory in which the United States and Soviet Union each used its ability to launch a nuclear counterattack to stop a first strike from the other side b. First Strike Capability: The ability to launch a nuclear attack on your enemy, but they do not have the capacity to attack back SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 20

Nuclear Arms Race ii. 08 March 2021 The Space Race a. 1957, the Soviets launched the first satellite into space, Sputnik. b. The Americans immediately speed up work on their own rocket and soon had many of their own. c. The arms race continued SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 21

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Kennedy on the Moon 08 March 2021 SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 23

Nuclear Arms Race iii. The Berlin Wall, 1961 a. 08 March 2021 Thousands of East Germans crossing into West Berlin prompts the Soviets to build the Berlin Wall. Families are split and the city becomes the definition of the ‘Iron Curtain. ’ SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 24

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Kennedy on Berlin 08 March 2021 SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 26

Kennedy on humanity and the arms race 08 March 2021 SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 27

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Nuclear Arms Race Terms: Ø Nuclear Arms Race Ø Mutual Deterrence Ø MAD Mutual Assured Destruction Ø Domino Theory Ø Brinkmanship Ø Massive retaliation Ø 08 March 2021 Nikita Khrushchev Ø The Space Race Ø The Berlin Wall Ø Dwight Eisenhower Ø John Foster Dulles Ø John F. Kennedy Ø SS 30 Cold War - Nuclear Arms Race 29