Cold War ContainmentUS plan to stop the spread

Cold War Containment=US plan to stop the spread of Communism; Containment “contain” it where it already was Marshall Plan=money to help Western Europe rebuild and Plan encourage them to NOT be Communists Berlin Blockade=the Soviets blocked off Berlin and we Blockade dropped supplies to Berlin via airlift NATO=US –led military alliance against Soviets (North NATO Atlantic Treaty Organization) Iron Curtain=term coined by Churchill; nations in Eastern Curtain Europe under Soviet control

Fair Deal=President Truman’s plan for America; mostly Deal knocked out by Congress Taft-Hartley Act=helped workers and set rules for Act unions; unions could not contribute to campaigns China 1949=became a Communist country 1949 Mao Zedong=leader of Chinese communists Zedong Korean War=started when North Korea attacked War South Korea

Mc. Carthyism=WI Senator who accused Americans of Mc. Carthyism being Communist traitors Eisenhower Foreign Policy=the threat of massive Policy retaliation is known as brinksmanship John Foster Dulles=Secretary of State to President Dulles Eisenhower Kennedy Foreign Policy=wanted a military to feature Policy Flexible Response to all kinds of problems

Cuban Missile Crisis=President Kennedy sealed off Cuba Crisis with a naval blockade Berlin Wall=the Soviets built this to seal in East Germans Wall in Berlin LBJ=President Johnson; successful domestic programs LBJ= like health care for older people (Medicare) Great Society=President Johnson wanted to fight poverty Society and discrimination; provided for Civil Rights

Vietnam War Geneva Accords=the world agreed to temporarily Accords divide Vietnam at the 17 th parallel Domino Theory=our belief that if one tiny country in SE Theory Asia fell to Communism…they all would Gulf of Tonkin=US ships got shot at and Congress voted Tonkin to give the President new power to take action Americanization=President Johnson pushed for the US Americanization to take a bigger role in the war in Vietnam

SDS=Students for a Democratic Society; student SDS protests; represented the “New Left” FSM=Free Speech Movement ; student protest 1964 FSM 65 …primarily at Berkeley University Hawk/Doves=hawks believe in strong defense; doves Hawk/Doves prefer diplomacy & negotiation to solve problems Tet Offensive=powerful North Vietnamese attack Offensive that made Americans see we were not doing well

Credibility gap=American citizens began to seriously gap doubt EVERYTHING our leaders told us 1968 Presidential Election=Robert Kennedy & Martin Election Luther King were killed; Nixon won big Nixon=President elected in 1968; a long political career Nixon that ended in resignation (and humiliation) Vietnamization=US plan to turn the war in Vietnam over Vietnamization to the Vietnamese (train them to fight it)

Cambodia=Nixon promised limit the fight in Vietnam, Cambodia but invaded neighboring Cambodia & expanded it Kent State=4 State students killed on May 4, 1970 at student protest (OH National Guards shot up the protest) Pentagon Papers=a Papers NY Times reporter published articles showing the US admitting it was struggling in Vietnam War Powers Act=Congress voted to make any President Act report military action within 48 hours Détente = President Nixon visited China & the USSR (played them off each other and warmed relations)

Last 35 years… 1973 Arab Oil Embargo=Arab nations did NOT like our friendship with Israel & cut off oil shipments Watergate=Washington DC scandal that ruined Nixon’s presidency and led him to resign Earth Day = April 22 nd; day of environmental awareness inspired by a WI Senator (Gaylord Nelson)

Jimmy Carter=Governor of Georgia elected President in 1976; an outsider who only lasted 1 term Camp David Accords=great moment for Carter got Egypt & Israel to work together (it did not last) Iran Hostage Crisis=horrible moment for Carter radicals in Iran take US Embassy hostage for 444 days

Ronald Reagan=President elected in 1980; a hugely popular conservative New Conservatism=Republicans promoted the idea of smaller government & lower taxes Reaganomics= Reagan spent heavily on defense and ran up a HUGE deficit (spent more than we had)

US HISTORY (TUESDAY & WEDNESDAY) 1) Please fill in the rest of your final exam notes with the information provided. 2) Please complete ALL the items for the final exam notes (use your text and/or notes) 3) While you work, an episode of “The Presidents” will be playing on Tuesday and an episode of “America: The Story of US” is set for Wednesday All students MUST complete the final exam notes. For those taking the final, you can use this sheet of final notes and your notebook.

Trickle-Down Theory=idea that if rich people have the most money they will spend & everyone benefits 1981 Economic Recovery Tax Act=the richest Americans got tax breaks Deregulation=Regan idea to cut out regulations for all kinds of industries & save government dollars

Savings & Loan (S&L) Crisis=banks across the US were ruined; taxpayers ended up with the bill End of Cold War=the US spent so much on its military that the USSR could not keep up; it broke up George Bush=best moment convincing world to attack Iraq for invading Kuwait

Desert Storm=code name for 1 st war in Iraq Bill Clinton=elected in 1992; worked on health care, North American trade and saving Bosnians September 11, 2001=terrorists attacked the World Trade Center, the White House and the Pentagon