COLD WAR 1953 1964 From Korean War to

COLD WAR (1953 – 1964) From Korean War to Vietnam War

EISENHOWER’S COLD WAR FOREIGN POLICY

Eisenhower and the Cold War • 1953 -1959 Sec. of State John F. Dulles • Containment: ineffective • “Rollback” Soviet presence in E. Europe • “Liberate captive people” • “Massive retaliation” • “Brinkmanship”

Eisenhower Foreign Policy • Massive Retaliation • Focus military spending on nukes and air power • Instill fear by promising massive reaction • Brinkmanship – go to the brink of war to preserve peace • “In any fight…it’s the man who is willing to die that will win” • MAD • Mutual Assured Destruction • US/Soviets should not use nukes, because they will simply destroy one another • Starts under Eisenhower • ICBM • Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile • First-Strike capability • Must be able to strike quickly, and before your enemy

Nuclear Arms Race

Cold War in Asia • French Indochina wins freedom • Vietnam is split at 17 th parallel • ‘ 55 -’ 61 U. S. gives $1 bil. in aid to S. V. • Domino Theory – if S. V. falls the rest of Asia may too • SEATO – Southeast Asia Treaty Organization • US, GB, Fr, NZ, Phil. , Thail, Pak all agree to defend region

Eisenhower’s Policies • Hungarian Revolt (1956): condemns it, but no interference – U. S. does not support those fighting communism • Suez Crisis: • Nasser takes over Suez Canal to • • raise $ for dam project; Br. , Fr. & Israel take military action US condemns & pressures Br. & Fr. Soviet strengthens position here Eisenhower Doctrine: support M. E. nations threatened by Communism

Eisenhower Doctrine - 1957 • Aid to ME Countries threatened by armed aggression • Specifically mentions threats from Communist nations

Sputnik • 1957 – Soviets launch a satellite into space • You. Tube - Sputnik, 1 st Space Satellite Launched by Soviets 1957/10/7 • U. S. fearful they have fallen behind in tech and • U. S. pours $ into science, math and tech • A dog in space You. Tube - Laika

U-2 Pilot Gary Powers

The U-2 Incident – 5/1/60 • U-2 Spy plane is shot down over Soviet Union • Gary Powers is captured • spying on bases • Eisenhower refuses to apologize, hurts relationship with Soviets

The Berlin Wall 8/13/61 - 1989

Citizens Fleeing Communism g ein e l f ns e z i Cit m nis u mm o C g ein e l sf en z i t Ci m nis u nism m u m m m Co eing Co g eiinzens fle e l s FCit n ize Cit m nis u mm Co ns ize t i C m nis u m om C g ein fle

CUBA AND THE COLD WAR

The Bay of Pigs Invasion • April 17, 1961 • JFK new in office • CIA to train Cuban exiles and set off uprising • 2 days, massive failure • No uprising follows • Exiles are crushed • Kennedy is embarrassed • No longer trusts military advisers

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS October 16, 1962

Cuban Missile Crisis • Castro is fearful of US • Allies with Soviets • Plans for Soviet nuclear bases on Cuba • 10/16/1962 – US discovers the bases • You. Tube - Kennedy addresses the nation on the Cuban Missile Crisis • You. Tube - On the Brink of Destruction: The Cuban Missile Crisis

The Basics • You. Tube - Trailer Thirteen-Days • Soviets put nukes in Cuba • US wants them out • Soviets claim they are defensive • US blockades Cuba, daring Soviets to send ships through • Peace • Soviets remove missiles • US removes missiles from Turkey • US will leave Castro alone

JFK and the Cold War • Kennedy’s “Flexible Response” • To fight communism in Africa, Asia, SE Asia the U. S. needs: • Smaller, mobile military forces • Ex. Green Berets • Cold War in Asia • French Indochina wins freedom • Vietnam is split at 17 th parallel • ‘ 55 -’ 61 U. S. gives $1 bil. in aid to S. V. • Domino Theory – if S. V. falls the rest of Asia may too • SEATO – Southeast Asia Treaty Organization • US, GB, Fr, NZ, Phil. , Thail, Pak all agree to defend region

COLD WAR AND THE EFFECTS ON PUBLIC

• You. Tube - Do It Yourself Fallout Shelter • Duck and Cover