Cold War 1945 1991 Potsdam Great BritainUnited StatesSoviet

Cold War 1945 -1991

Potsdam ~Great Britain~United States~Soviet Union~ Churchill, Truman, Stalin *Germany would be divided into four zones *Tension between the U. S. and Soviets become obvious

Germany divided

Iron Curtain • Winston Churchill- speech about the divide between Communism and Capitalism in Europe

Truman Doctrine • Aid to Greece and Turkey to keep the countries from falling to communism. • $400 million 19471950

Marshall Plan • $13 Billion to Western Europe 1947 -1952 • Greatly improved the economy of many countries destroyed during WWII • Kept the appeal of communism away

Berlin Air Lift • Soviets block all routes in and out of East Berlin • U. S. and Britain fly in supplies for 327 days Soviets give up and lift the blockade

NATO COUNTRIES

Warsaw Pact Members states: Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania.

Zionist Movement. • political movement that originally supported the reestablishment of a homeland for the Jewish People in Palestine, and continues primarily as support for the modern state of Israel

China becomes Communist • • Chaing Kai Shek v Mao Zedong $ to Chaing Kai Shek (not enough) Mao wins out because of peasant support Nationalist government flees to Taiwan

Korean War • Stop Northern aggression • Mac. Arthur goes into Northern Korea • Confronts China • Threatens Nukes • Truman fires Mac. Arthur • Cease Fire at 38 th Parallel

Space Race • • Soviets explode an Atomic Bomb U. S. explodes a Hydrogen Bomb Soviets launch Sputnik U. S. promises to get a man on the moon

Cold War at Home propaganda • HUAC/Hollywood 10 • Spy Cases • Mc. Carthyism and the “witch hunt” • Duck and Cover

Hiss v. Nixon • • Hiss is accused of taking bribes from Soviets, denies all accusations Nixon doesn’t believe him and continues the investigation, finds incriminating evidence Hiss is found guilty of perjury.

Hollywood 10 off to the hearings • “Are you now, or have you ever been a member of the communist party? ”

Rosenbergs • Members of the Communist party accused of conspiring to sell Bomb secrets to Soviets • Convicted of Espionage, sentenced to death

Eisenhower Doctrine United States would use armed forces upon request in response to imminent or actual aggression to the United States. Furthermore, countries that took stances opposed to Communism would be given aid in various forms. • The Middle Eastern region contains a large percentage of the world's oil supply. If the area was to fall to communism, the United States and its allies would suffer immense economic consequences.

Central Intelligence Agency • The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian intelligence agency of the United States government. Its primary function is collecting and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and persons in order to advise public policymakers.

U-2 spy Plane shot down over U. S. S. R • Spy program in question • One last trip • Frances Gary Powers • 10 years in Soviet Prison • Increased tension

Bay of Pigs • CIA covert operation • Overthrow Castro/Communism • Eisenhower-Kennedy • Failed • Embarrassment

Cuban Missile Crisis • • • Spy planes detect launching pads in Cuba Kennedy/ Khrushchev stand off Blockade led to ships turning around Remove missiles in Turkey Kennedy a hero

Hot line • to decrease tension between the U. S. and Soviet Union • Easy communication to reduce the risk of nuclear war