Cohesion Old Ideas New Ideas What is cohesion

Cohesion Old Ideas New Ideas

What is cohesion? Cohesion is how sentences and parts of sentences link together. It matters because if your sentences are cohesive, your writing becomes easier to read and you become able to write more sophisticated English by linking ideas together.

Surface Signals To help connect ideas between sentences and paragraphs, we can use “surface signals. ” Surface signals are words that help tell the reader the logical connection between ideas. Surface Signals Idea

Surface Signals 1 Repetition of Key Words Example #1: main ideas One of the values of Arab culture is modesty in women. Women show their modesty by covering themselves with a veil. surface signals (key words repeated)

Surface Signals 1 Repetition of Key Words Example #2: main idea Our next task was to look for those elusive particles. Such particles are difficult to detect without a microscope. surface signal (key word repeated)

Surface Signals 1 Repetition of Key Words Example #3: main idea Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a radiant beauty that is resistant to corrosion. surface signal (key word repeated)

Surface Signals 2 Demonstrative Adjectives (this, that, these, those) Example #1: Women show their modesty by covering themselves with a veil. This covers the woman’s head and often much of her face. main idea surface signal (demonstrative adjective)

Surface Signals 2 Demonstrative Adjectives (this, that, these, those) main idea Example #2: An important custom in Brazilian culture is the coffee ceremony. This ceremony is often practiced every Sunday. surface signal (demonstrative adjective)

Surface Signals 3 Demonstrative Adjectives (this, that, these, those) Example #3: main ideas Palestinian parents try to raise their children to have respect for elders, patience in difficult situations, and gentleness toward others. These values are highly prized in Palestinian culture. surface signal (demonstrative adjective)

Surface Signals 3 Personal Pronouns (he, she, it, they, you) Example #1: main idea This veil covers the woman’s head and often much of her face. She may also choose to wear a mask that shows only her eyes. surface signal (pronoun)

Surface Signals 3 Personal Pronouns (he, she, it, they, you) Example #2: main idea Many Japanese believe in the importance of teamwork. They teach their children to think of the group first. surface signal (pronoun)

Surface Signals 3 Personal Pronouns (he, she, it, they, you) Example #3: main idea When a father is very sick, he knows that his family will take care of him. surface signal (pronoun)

Identify each surface signal you find the following sentences: 1. The students were a little upset because they had an assignment with the present perfect for the next day, and they weren’t sure they would be able to do it correctly. 2. The neighbors, themselves, have suffered crop damage. This loss of crops does not matter to them. They will still share their few seeds with a neighbor who has lost everything. 3. The most recent use of gold in astronaut’s suits. Astronauts wear gold-plated shields for protection outside the spaceship. 4. English has become an international language. Except for Chinese, more people speak English than any other language. 5. Interest in dolphins has increased in the past few years. Dolphins have become interesting, because they display almost human-like behavior at times. 6. In order to be an Olympian, an athlete must be very dedicated. This means that an athlete must have a real passion for his or her sport.

In each sentence below, replace the underlined word(s) or word group(s) with an appropriate pronoun 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. I sold my truck to John and Mary. The truck's brakes were bad, and the truck's tires were bald. Huda gave the truck to John and Mary’s daughter promised to pay her parents for the truck. The daughter's husband drove the truck into an old olive tree. The tree belongs to me and my family, and my family and I now are very sad because we lost the old olive tree. Mary and John have offered to pay me and my family for the damages by selling me the truck.

Identify the reference to each coloured word in the following: There are many people who claim that global warming is the most significant threat facing us today. They argue this because it is a danger not just to the current generation, but also to the generations to come. Indeed, it is threat to our future that is of most concern. For instance, some research shows that one effect of global warming might be there will not be enough food to feed the world in the near future. If that did happen…