Coherent Xray Imaging Instrument WBS 1 3 Sbastien

Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 Sébastien Boutet CXI Instrument Scientist April 21, 2009 Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 1 1 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Outline CXI Science CXI Goals and Physics Requirements CXI Instrument Overview X-ray Optics and Diagnostics KB Mirror Systems Sample Environments Detector Operating Modes Work Breakdown Structure Early Science Instrument Scope Instrument Team Summary Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 2 2 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Coherent Diffractive Imaging of Biomolecules One pulse, one measurement Particle injection LCLS pulse Noisy diffraction pattern Wavefront sensor or second detector Combine many measurements into 3 D dataset Data Frames Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Combined Data Set 3 3 Reconstruction Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Coherent X-ray Imaging Science 3 D bio imaging beyond the damage limit Single injected reproducible biomolecules that can’t be crystallized Protein molecule injection Proteins Membrane Proteins Viruses Molecular complexes Molecular machines Biomolecular structure determination from nanocrystals No need for large high quality crystals LCLS detector 2 D bio imaging beyond the damage limit detector Live hydrated cells with particle injector Nanoparticles Quantum dots Amorphous nanoparticles To mass spectrometer High fluence X-ray-matter interactions Damage studies during the pulse Effect of tamper layers on damage X-ray diffraction pattern Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 4 4 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

CXI Instrument Goals/Requirements Goals Perform imaging of single particles at highest spatial resolution achievable usingle LCLS pulses Image biological nanoparticles beyond the classical damage limit usingle LCLS pulses Global Requirements (SP-391 -000 -19) Tailor and characterize X-ray beam parameters Spatial Profile Intensity Repetition rate Deliver the sample to the beam and control its environment Key Performance Parameters 4 -20 ke. V energy range Using the fundamental and third harmonic 0. 1 -0. 01% energy resolution Particle Injector 10 -1000 nm size range Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 5 5 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

CXI Instrument Location Near Experimental Hall AMO X-ray Transport Tunnel SXR XPP XCS CXI Endstation Source to Sample distance : ~ 440 m Far Experimental Hall Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 6 6 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Far Experimental Hall CXI Control Room XCS Control Room Lab Area Hutch #6 X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy Instrument Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument 7 7 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

CXI Instrument Overview Guard Slits Requirement Diagnostics Device XRT Photon Shutter Remove X-ray beam halo X-ray Guard Slits Attenuators Tailor X-ray intensity Attenuators Pulse Picker Tailor X-ray repetition rate Pulse Picker Reference Laser Characterize X-ray pulse intensity Intensity Monitor Guard Slits Characterize X-ray spatial profile Profile Monitor Diagnostics Characterize X-ray focus Wavefront Monitor Align experiment without X-ray beam Reference Laser Maximize X-ray flux on sample Tailor focal spot size to the sample 1 micron Kirkpatrick-Baez Mirrors 0. 1 micron Kirkpatrick-Baez Mirrors Minimize air scatter and background Position sample and final apertures Sample environment Position sample environment Instrument Stand Deliver particles to the X-ray beam in Particle Injector Measure X-ray scattering pattern 2 D X-ray Detector (Utilizing the LCLS Detector) Position X-ray area detector Detector Stage Analysis of sample fragments after Coulomb explosion Ion Time-of-Flight Guard Slits 1 µm KB Mirrors Diagnostics Guard Slits FEH Hutch 5 0. 1 µm KB Mirrors 0. 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Guard Slits Diagnostics 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Wavefront Monitor Beam Dump Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 8 8 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

CXI Instrument Overview Particle injector LCLS B eam Sample Chamber Detector Stage Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Precision Instrument Stand 9 9 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

X-ray Optics and Diagnostics Guard Slits Diagnostics XRT Photon Shutter Attenuators Pulse Picker Reference Laser Guard Slits Diagnostics Guard Slits 1 µm KB Mirrors Diagnostics Guard Slits FEH Hutch 5 0. 1 µm KB Mirrors 0. 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Guard Slits Diagnostics 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Wavefront Monitor Beam Dump Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Requirement Device Remove X-ray beam halo X-ray Guard Slits Tailor X-ray intensity Attenuators Tailor X-ray repetition rate Pulse Picker Characterize X-ray pulse intensity Intensity Monitor Characterize X-ray spatial profile Profile Monitor Characterize X-ray focus Wavefront Monitor 10 10 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

X-ray Optics and Diagnostics Guard Slits Diagnostics XRT Photon Shutter Attenuators Pulse Picker Reference Laser Guard Slits Diagnostics Guard Slits 1 µm KB Mirrors Diagnostics Guard Slits FEH Hutch 5 0. 1 µm KB Mirrors 0. 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Guard Slits Diagnostics 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Wavefront Monitor LUSI AttenuatorPulse Picker System Excellent Optical Quality > 3 steps per decade of attenuation above 6 ke. V > 1012 attenuation < 17 ke. V Isolate 3 rd harmonic from fundamental Tailor rep rate up to 10 Hz Beam Dump Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 11 11 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Reference Laser Guard Slits Diagnostics XRT Photon Shutter Attenuators Pulse Picker Reference Laser Guard Slits Diagnostics Guard Slits 1 µm KB Mirrors Diagnostics Guard Slits FEH Hutch 5 0. 1 µm KB Mirrors 0. 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Guard Slits Diagnostics 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Wavefront Monitor Beam Dump Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Purpose Rough alignment of the experiment without the X-ray beam Requirements On/Off states Beam size Smallest possible at the end of the hutch Stability 5% of FWHM (short term) 15% of FWHM (long term) Useable with any part of the instrument vented to air Window valves Aligned to the unfocused FEL beam to within 100 microns 12 12 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

CXI 1 µm KB Mirrors Guard Slits Diagnostics XRT Photon Shutter Attenuators Pulse Picker Reference Laser Guard Slits Diagnostics Guard Slits 1 µm KB Mirrors Diagnostics Guard Slits FEH Hutch 5 0. 1 µm KB Mirrors 0. 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Guard Slits Diagnostics 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Wavefront Monitor Purpose Produce a 1 µm focus Focal lengths 8. 2 m for M 1 7. 8 m for M 2 Requirements 350 mm clear aperture 3. 4 mrad maximum incidence angle Si. C coating <1 nm rms height error over entire mirror 2 -11 ke. V energy range Space for 2 coating strips Beam Dump Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 13 13 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

CXI 1 µm Sample Environment Guard Slits Diagnostics XRT Photon Shutter Attenuators Pulse Picker Reference Laser Guard Slits Diagnostics Guard Slits 1 µm KB Mirrors Diagnostics Guard Slits FEH Hutch 5 0. 1 µm KB Mirrors 0. 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Guard Slits Diagnostics 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Wavefront Monitor Purpose Position samples on grids and apertures Maintain high vacuum Requirements Accommodate multiple experiments configurations Fixed targets Injected particles Interface with Detector Stage downstream and upstream Ports for Particle Injector Ion TOF Lasers Vacuum better than 10 -7 torr Rapid access Large volume for flexibility Compatible only with 1 micron KB System Beam Dump Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 14 14 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

CXI 0. 1 µm KB Mirrors/Sample Environment Guard Slits Diagnostics XRT Photon Shutter Attenuators Pulse Picker Reference Laser Guard Slits Diagnostics Guard Slits 1 µm KB Mirrors Diagnostics Guard Slits FEH Hutch 5 0. 1 µm KB Mirrors 0. 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Guard Slits Diagnostics 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Wavefront Monitor Purpose Produce a ~100 nm focus Focal lengths 0. 9 m for M 1 0. 5 m for M 2 Requirements Identical to 1 micron KB System in every way except for the mirror curvature Integrated system with 0. 1 micron Sample Chamber due to close proximity Extend vacuum enclosure by ~600 mm for sample area Separate both parts of the vacuum enclosure with valve and window Beam Dump Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 15 15 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

CXI Particle Injector Guard Slits Diagnostics XRT Photon Shutter Attenuators Pulse Picker Reference Laser Guard Slits Diagnostics Guard Slits 1 µm KB Mirrors Diagnostics Guard Slits FEH Hutch 5 0. 1 µm KB Mirrors 0. 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Guard Slits Diagnostics 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Wavefront Monitor Beam Dump Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Purpose Deliver support-free single particles to the LCLS beam Requirements < 250 microns Particle beam focus > 50 % Transmission 10 mm XZ Translation 10 – 1000 nm Particle size range Aerodynamic lens Stack of concentric orifices with decreasing openings. Particle beam diagnostics Charge detectors Particle beam viewer 16 16 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

CXI Ion TOF Guard Slits Diagnostics XRT Photon Shutter Attenuators Pulse Picker Reference Laser Guard Slits Diagnostics Guard Slits 1 µm KB Mirrors Diagnostics Guard Slits FEH Hutch 5 0. 1 µm KB Mirrors 0. 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Guard Slits Diagnostics 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Wavefront Monitor Beam Dump Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Purpose Detect ions produced by exploding sample Provide a veto trigger signal when a particle was hit by the beam Identify unwanted particles Requirements 1 Atomic Mass Unit resolution Up to 100 AMU detection 1 GHz digitization Does not interfere with imaging detector Design based on AMO Ion Spectrometer 17 17 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

CXI Detector Guard Slits Diagnostics XRT Photon Shutter Attenuators Pulse Picker Reference Laser Guard Slits Collaboration with the Gruner Group at Cornell University Diagnostics Guard Slits 1 µm KB Mirrors Diagnostics Guard Slits FEH Hutch 5 0. 1 µm KB Mirrors 0. 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Guard Slits Diagnostics 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Wavefront Monitor Beam Dump Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 2 D Pixel Array Detector High resistivity Silicon (500 µm) for direct x-ray conversion. Reverse biased for full depletion. Bump-bonding connection to CMOS ASIC. <1 photon readout noise 110 x 110 µm 2 pixels 1520 x 1520 pixels 103 dynamic range 120 Hz readout Tiled detector, permits variable ‘hole’ size Detector not in CXI LUSI scope Part of LCLS Project scope 18 18 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

CXI Detector Stage Guard Slits Diagnostics XRT Photon Shutter Attenuators Pulse Picker Reference Laser Guard Slits Diagnostics Guard Slits 1 µm KB Mirrors Diagnostics Guard Slits FEH Hutch 5 0. 1 µm KB Mirrors 0. 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Guard Slits Diagnostics 1 µm Sample Environment Particle Injector Ion TOF-MS Detector Stage Wavefront Monitor Beam Dump Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Purpose Center the detector hole on the direct beam Position the detector at the appropriate distance from the interaction region Requirements Range along the beam : 50 -2400 mm Non-continuous Vacuum better than 10 -7 torr Diagnostics behind the detector for alignment Valve to isolate the detector vacuum Short term stability 1 micron 10 µrad (pitch/yaw) 19 19 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Operating Modes Photon operating modes described in LCLS Document 1. 6. 009 CXI operation requires SH 1, SH 2 and S 5 open CXI has three modes: “ 1 micron” Mode Use 1 micron KB mirrors and 1 micron Sample Environment “ 0. 1 micron” Mode Use 0. 1 micron KB mirrors and 0. 1 micron Sample Environment “Unfocused” Mode No focusing optic and 1 micron Sample Environment Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 20 20 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

CXI with 1 micron and Unfocused Beam Optics & Diagnostics & Wavefront Monitor 1 micron Sample Environment 1 micron KB Reference Laser Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 21 21 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

CXI with 0. 1 micron Beam Optics, Diagnostics and Wavefront Monitor Optics & Diagnostics 0. 1 micron KB & Sample Environment Reference Laser Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 22 22 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Work Breakdown Structure WBS Scope/Cost Includes: 1. 3. 1 CXI System Integration & Design 1. 3. 2 CXI X-ray Optics - 2 KB mirror systems 1. 3. 3 CXI Lasers - Reference Laser 1. 3. 4 CXI Coherent Imaging Injector 1. 3. 5 CXI Sample Environment – 2 Sample Chambers, 2 Stands, Detector Stage & Sample diagnostics 1. 3. 6 CXI Hutch Facilities 1. 3. 7 CXI Vacuum system 1. 3. 8 CXI Installation Other Related WBS 1. 5 Diagnostics & Common Optics 1. 6 Controls and Data Acquisition LCLS Cornell 2 D Pixel Array Detector Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 23 23 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Scope Early Science Scope (available 2011) CD 4 (available in 2012 or before) 1 micron KB System 0. 1 micron KB System 1 micron Sample Chamber 0. 1 micron Sample Chamber 1 micron Instrument Stand 0. 1 micron Instrument Stand Detector Stage Particle Injector Reference Laser Ion TOF X-ray Slits X-ray Attenuator/Pulse Picker X-ray Diagnostics X-ray Optics and Diagnostics Support Stands Vacuum System Controls & Data Systems Hutch Facilities X-ray Detector System Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 24 24 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Science Team Specifications and instrument concept developed with the science team. The CXI team leaders Janos Hajdu, Uppsala University (leader) Henry Chapman, DESY, University of Hamburg John Miao, UCLA Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 25 25 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

The design is based on FEL experiments - Highlights from Nature journals Over 50 publications in total Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 26 26 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Science Team Involvement Roles of the Team Leaders are defined in a Letter of Understanding Define the original scope of the instrument Approved the LUSI scope by signing the Physics Requirements Document Approved the overall design choices of the CXI team Approved a list of scope additions should contingency become available Receive a weekly report on the CXI progress Attended a formal annual Team Leaders meeting Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 27 27 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

General User Community Involvement A workshop was held on October 17 2008 Applications of Coherent X-rays at the LCLS http: //www-conf. slac. stanford. edu/coherence 2008/default. asp A CXI Proposal Preparation Workshop will be held during the LCLS User’s Meeting in Fall 2009 Similar workshops were held for AMO and XPP http: //www-conf. slac. stanford. edu/amo/2008/ http: //www-conf. slac. stanford. edu/xpp/2008/ Extremely enthusiastic response from prospective users The European XFEL held a workshop to define the scope of the CXI equivalent instrument on November 20 -22 2008 http: //xray. bmc. uu. se/spb/ The CXI team was involved Presented the CXI plans The workshop confirmed the CXI plans Some preliminary XFEL plans were changed based on input from the CXI team The user community demands for the XFEL instrument are what CXI was already planning Two of the three CXI Team Leaders were present at the workshop Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 28 28 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

General User Community Involvement A workshop was held on October 17 2009 Applications of Coherent X-rays at the LCLS http: //www-conf. slac. stanford. edu/coherence 2008/default. asp CXI Team leaders Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 29 29 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Summary Instrument accommodates a wide variety of cutting edge research capabilities and fulfills the CD-0 mission The CXI instrument is versatile: X-ray optics can tailor FEL parameters for users Sample environment can accommodate multiple experimental configurations User operation start planned for 2011 First call for proposals Spring 2010 CXI 2 nd Scientist Position Opened CXI Website: http: //lcls. slac. stanford. edu/cxi/ Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 30 30 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 31 31 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Assembly with Positioning Plate Removed Modular design Cross-roller rails support positioning plate and provides low-friction, repeatable motion Allows for addition of tiles in the future Torque ring rotates to translate Quadrant Rafts and change aperture size Initial detector 8 modules Variable hole size Martin Nordby & Matthew Swift Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 32 32 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 33 33 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Front View— 1 mm Aperture Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 34 34 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Front View— 6 mm Aperture Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 35 35 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Front View— 10 mm Aperture Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 36 36 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Back View with Base Plate Removed— 1 mm Aperture Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 37 37 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Back View with Base Plate Removed— 6 mm Aperture Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 38 38 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu

Back View with Base Plate Removed— 10 mm Aperture Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument WBS 1. 3 DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project 39 39 Sébastien Boutet sboutet@slac. stanford. edu