Cognitive Psychology Sixth Edition Robert J Sternberg Chapter
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Some Questions of Interest • What are the fundamental structures and processes of the human brain? • How do researchers study the major structures and processes of the brain? • What have researchers found as a result of studying the brain?
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Anatomy of the Brain
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Anatomy of the Brain • Forebrain – Cerebral cortex – Basal ganglia • Motor movement – Limbic system
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Anatomy of the Limbic System • Septum & Amygdala – Involved in anger, aggression, fear • Hippocampus – memories • Thalamus – Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex • Hypothalamus – 4 F’s
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Midbrain • Helps to control eye movement and coordination • Reticular activating system – Controls respiration, cardiovascular function, digestion, alertness, and sleep • Brain stem – Vital in basic attention, arousal, and consciousness
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Hindbrain • Medulla Oblongata – Breathing, swallowing, and digestion • Pons – Relay station • Cerebellum – Motor coordination, posture, and maintaining balance
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Cerebral Cortex • Contralaterality • Corpus Callosum – Neural fibers connecting left and right lobes – Allows communication between right and left side
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Cerebral Cortex: localization and specialization
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Hemispheric Activity Interferes With Ability to Work a Counter
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Specialization of Left Hemisphere • Wernicke’s area vs. Broca’s area
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Split-Brain Demonstration What would a split-brain patient say they saw? What would a split-brain patient point to with their left hand?
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Brain Disorders Capgrass syndrome Phantom limb Synesthesia • http: //www. ted. com/talks/vilayanur_ramachandran _on_your_mind. html
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Structure of a Neuron
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Neurotransmitters Chemical messengers • Acetylcholine = associated with Alzheimer’s disease • Dopamine = associated with schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease • Serotonin = associated with anorexia
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Group Reaction Time and Neural Speed
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Viewing Structures and Functions of the Brain
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Animal Studies • Single-cell recordings • Selective lesioning • Genetic knockout procedures • Create animals that lack certain kinds of cells or receptors in the brain
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Human Studies • Electrical recordings • Event-related potential (ERP)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Human Studies • Static imaging techniques – Angiogram CT scan; MRI scan
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Metabolic Imaging • Positron emission tomography (PET) – Radioactive material is injected or inhaled – Participant is then scanned to produce an image of the brain’s activity
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Metabolic Imaging • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (f. MRI) – Takes a series of images of the brain in quick succession – Brain areas with more blood flow have been shown to have better visibility
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Metabolic Imaging • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) – Temporarily disrupt functioning of a particular brain area – An electrical current passes through a coil on person’s head, generating a magnetic field
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Metabolic Imaging Magnetoencephalography (MEG) – Measures activity of the brain from outside the head by picking up magnetic fields emitted by changes in brain activity
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Brain Disorders • Stroke • Brain tumor • Head injuries http: //www. ted. com/talks/jill_bolte_taylor_s_powerfu l_stroke_of_insight. html
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