Cognitive Development How do students develop their thinking

Cognitive Development How do students’ develop their thinking? Piaget vs. Vygotsky

Piaget vs. Vygotsky Piaget (Clip 0 -1: 50) n n n n Construction of knowledge Learning occurs through interactions with objects (no expert needed). Build schemas New info for schema (cognitive disequilibrium) Assimilate and/or Accommodate new info (ex. ) Development leads learning (Thought creates language) (ex) 4 invariant stages – – Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operations Formal operations

Stages of Piaget’s Cognitive Formation (mnemonic) n Sensorimotor (physical) 0 -2 years n Pre-operational (mental) 2 -7 years n Concrete operations (logical) 7 – 11 years n Formal operations (abstract) 11 - adult

Sensorimotor Stage: 0– 2 n Learning through 5 senses (physical) – Exploration of objects through senses (lollipops) – Object permanence (peek-a-boo) – Goal directed actions (get cookie out of jar)

Preoperational Stage: 2– 7 n Learning through operations (intuitive) – Semiotic function (symbols for actions - language) – One-way logic (cannot reverse thinking, costumes) – Conservation and decentering (video) – Egocentrism (collective monologue/Theory of mind)

Rules for Toddlers n If I like it, it’s mine. n If it’s in my hand, it’s mine. n If I can take it from you, it’s mine. n If I had it a little while ago, it’s mine. n If it’s mine, it must never appear to be yours in any way.

Rules for Toddlers, continued n If I’m doing or building something, all the pieces are mine. n If it looks like mine, it’s mine. n If I saw it first, it’s mine. n If you are playing with something, and you put it down, it automatically becomes mine. (Video: Sally n If it’s broken, and Anne it’s yours! experiment)

Concrete Operational Stage: 7– 11 n Learning through operations (logical) – Conservation Mastered (Hold two aspects at once) • Identity, compensation, reversibility – Classification (Organize objects into groups) – Seriation (A is bigger than B but less than C) (video: 1: 37 -2: 38)

Formal Operational Stage: 11– 15 n Learning through operations (abstract) – Hypothetico-deductive reasoning (scientific) • critical of others, seek identity (video: 2: 40 – 3: 34) – Adolescent egocentrism • imaginary audience – Not everyone reaches this stage • Probably with experience or exposure

Solve this problem n. A man brought a horse for $60 and sold it for $70. Then he bought the same horse back for $80 and again sold it, for $90. How much money did he make in the horse business?

Solve this problem n Its not $10! n Money paid out $60 + $80 = $140 n Money taken in $70 + $90 = $160 n Profit = $20!

This problem is difficult because of how it is framed. n. A man brought a horse for $60 and sold it for $70. Then he bought some firewood for $80 and again sold it, for $90. How much money did he make?

Truthtellers and Liars Problem n You are visiting a strange country in which there are just two kinds of peopletruthtellers and liars. Truthtellers always tell the truth and liars always lie. You hail the first two people you meet and say, “Are you truthtellers or liars? ” The first person mumbles something you can’t hear. The second says, “He says he is a truthteller. He is a truthteller and so am I. ” Can you trust the directions that these two may give you? ”

Piaget vs. Vygotsky Piaget (Clip 0 -1: 50) n n n n Construction of knowledge n Learning occurs through n interactions with objects (no expert needed). n Build schemas New info for schema (cognitive disequilibrium) n Assimilate and/or Accommodate new info (ex. ) n Development leads learning n (Thought creates language) (ex) 4 invariant stages n – – Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operations Formal operations Vygotsky Co-Construction of knowledge Learning occurs through social interaction (expert needed) Build Interpersonal to intrapersonal speech which regulates behavior Cultural tools: language (mediation) ZPD (or ZPG): scaffolding (demo) Learning leads development (Language creates thoughts) No specific stages, but maturation important