Cognition Trivia Trivia Guidelines 4 rounds 1 bonus

Cognition Trivia

Trivia Guidelines • 4 rounds + 1 bonus round • Wager 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 per each round • You may NOT use any class materials during the game! • The winning team will receive bonus points on Friday’s test!

Round 1: Thinking I

Round 1: Question 1 • QUESTION: This is a type of reasoning in which an individual applies general principles to a specific situation. • ANSWER: Deductive Reasoning (“Top. Down” logic)

Round 1: Question 2 • QUESTION: Jamie loves AP Calculus & AP Physics, but hates AP Literature, as he tends to shy away from classes that require open-ended analysis, insight and brainstorming. Jamie is most likely a ____ thinker. • ANSWER: Convergent (Directed)

Round 1: Question 3 • QUESTION: Define the term “metacognition…” • ANSWER: Metacognition is the awareness of one’s own cognitive processes, or thinking about thinking…

Round 1: Question 4 • QUESTION: In terms of problem solving, which two methods are known as “mechanical solutions? ” • ANSWER: Trial-and-error and algorithms

Round 1: Question 5 • QUESTION: In terms of problem solving, list one advantage & one disadvantage of using a heuristic. • ANSWER: Advantages (allows one to simplify problems; faster than algorithms) Disadvantages (doesn’t necessarily guarantee a solution; more error prone than algorithms)

Round 2: Thinking II

Round 2: Question 1 • QUESTION: Lindsey is taking an AP Biology exam & has just answered “D” to ten consecutive questions. She is convinced that if the answers are random, this shouldn’t happen. As a result, she changes several of her answers. In this case, Lindsey is demonstrating evidence of the ___. • ANSWER: Gambler’s Fallacy

Round 2: Question 2 • QUESTION: In terms of problem solving, these are the two types of fixation. • ANSWER: Functional fixedness and mental set

Round 2: Question 3 • QUESTION: John is scheduled to have invasive heart surgery next week. In order to ease his fears, John’s doctor tells him that there is an 85% survival rate, as opposed to a 15% fatality rate. In this case, what psychological concept is John’s doctor making use of? • ANSWER: Framing

Round 2: Question 4 • QUESTION: Boris, a 6’ 8” 10 th grader, describes himself as a very clumsy & awkward individual. Despite these shortcomings, Boris is often chosen to play on basketball teams. What psychological concept accounts for this error? • ANSWER: Representativeness heuristic

Round 2: Question 5 • QUESTION: Luke has VERY strong views regarding the effectiveness of capital punishment. Despite reading several well-documented reports to the contrary, Luke maintains his initial belief. • ANSWER: Belief perseverance

Round 3: Language I

Round 3: Question 1 • QUESTION: Given language development, provide an example of a holophrase. • ANSWER: “Dog!” “Cat!” “Milk!”

Round 3: Question 2 • QUESTION: In terms of language, how are syntax and semantics different? • ANSWER: Syntax specifies how different parts of speech should be arranged in a sentence, while semantics deals with the meaning of words & word combinations.

Round 3: Question 3 • QUESTION: Explain the difference between receptive vocabulary & productive vocabulary in terms of toddlers. • ANSWER: Toddlers understand many more words (receptive) than they are able to verbalize (productive).

Round 3: Question 4 • QUESTION: Explain the process of fast mapping. • ANSWER: Fast mapping is the process by which children map a word onto an underlying concept after only one exposure to that word (occurs during a child’s vocabulary spurt; 18 -24 months)

Round 3: Question 5 • QUESTION: Sarah, a two-year-old, loves her brand new “kitty. ” When her family takes a trip to the zoo, she refers to both the bobcats and the tigers as “kitty. ” Sarah’s error is known as ___. • ANSWER: Overextension

Round 4: Language II

Round 4: Question 1 • QUESTION: This psychologist was a proponent for language development through the principles of learning. • ANSWER: B. F. Skinner (believed language was acquired through reinforcement & imitation)

Round 4: Question 2 • QUESTION: Explain & provide an example of overregularization. • ANSWER: Overregularization is when a child incorrectly generalizes grammatical rules to irregular cases to which they do not apply (“My tooths ache!”)

Round 4: Question 3 • QUESTION: Who proposed the Language Acquisition Device ? • ANSWER: Noam Chomsky (believed language was inborn & innate for all human beings)

Round 4: Question 4 • QUESTION: Phonemes are the smallest units of ____ in a spoken language; morphemes are the smallest units of ____ in a language. • ANSWER: Sound; meaning

Round 4: Question 5 • QUESTION: You are at a daycare & you hear three 3 -month old babies babbling, each baby from a different racial/ethic background. Given language development & what you know about these babies, what should you expect regarding their babbling? • ANSWER: All three babies will sound very similar (phonemic differentiation

Bonus Round • Explain the basic premise of Linguistic Determinism (Linguistic Relativity), as proposed by Edward Sapir & Benjamin Lee Whorf.