Cogeneration Dr Haider Ali Energy Distribution in a
Cogeneration Dr. Haider Ali
Energy Distribution in a Coal Power Plant
Principle of Cogeneration
Technical Options for Cogeneration �Steam Turbine Cogeneration systems �Gas turbine Cogeneration Systems �Reciprocating Engine Cogeneration Systems
Steam Turbine Cogeneration systems
Gas turbine Cogeneration Systems
Reciprocating Engine Cogeneration Systems
Classification of Cogeneration Systems where fuel is first used to generate electricity or mechanical energy at the facility and a portion of the waste heat from power generation is then used to provide useful thermal energy. � Topping Cycle- �A gas turbine or diesel engine producing electrical or mechanical power followed by a heat recovery boiler to create steam to drive a secondary steam turbine. This is called a combined-cycle topping system.
Classification of Cogeneration Systems � Topping Cycle �The second type of system burns fuel (any type) to produce high-pressure steam that then passes through a steam turbine to produce power with the exhaust provides low-pressure process steam. This is a steam-turbine topping system. �A third type employs heat recovery from an engine exhaust and/or jacket cooling system flowing to a heat recovery boiler, where it is converted to process steam / hot water for further use. �The fourth type is a gas-turbine topping system. A natural gas turbine drives a generator. The exhaust gas goes to a heat recovery boiler that makes process steam and process heat
Classification of Cogeneration Systems � Bottoming Cycle - are a process whereby waste heat from an existing process is used to produce electricity. �The primary fuel produces high temperature thermal energy and the heat rejected from the process is used to generate power through a recovery boiler and a turbine generator. �Suitable for manufacturing processes that require heat at high temperature in furnaces and kilns, and reject heat at significantly high temperatures. areas of application include cement, steel, ceramic, gas and petrochemical industries. �Typical
Important Technical Parameters for Cogeneration �Heat to Power Ratio �Quality of Thermal Energy Needed �Load Patterns �Fuels Available �System Reliability �Grid Dependent System Versus Independent System �Retrofit Versus New Installation �Electricity Buy-back �Local Environmental Regulation
Prime Movers for Cogeneration �Steam Turbine �Back Pressure turbine �Extraction Condensing turbine �Gas Turbine �Reciprocating Engine Systems
Typical Cogeneration Performance Parameters
Relative Merits of Cogeneration Systems
Case Study POWER PRODUCTI ON 19 MW 4 P=65 bar T=510 C H=3, 44 MJ/kg m=27 kg/s + P=0. 7 bar H=2. 56 MJ/kg m=23 kg/s - District heating 80 °C Turbine 1 50 °C 2 FUEL DEMAND 79 MW Preheater 2: Closed heater 9 10 Kg/sec Wet biofuel Preheated air Condenser 3 Boiler Preheater 1: Open heater 8 Flue gas 5 6 7 11 10 Pump 2 Trap Pump 1 HEAT PRODUCTIO N 50 MW
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