Cogeneration and District Heating Systems based on biomass

Co-generation and District Heating Systems based on biomass, geothermal and solar thermal energy Erik Larsson Manager, Energy Policy Swedish District Heating Association 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 1

District Heating in Sweden ● 9 million inhabitants ● 50 TWh district heating ● Almost 50 % of total heat market ● Present in every community with more than 10 000 inhabitants ● More than 600 DH systems ● Still growing ● Turnover 2, 7 billion euro ● Competing on the heat market 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 2

Fuel/energy used for District Heating in Sweden 1980 to 2005 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 3

Evolution in CO 2 emissions globally and in Sweden Significant investments in District Heating are launched 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 4

We do not need fossil fuel for heating only! 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 5

Strategic heat sources 2003 flow from the five strategic heat sources for district heating in EU-32 (in EJ). Possible supply is approx. 200 times higher! Source: ECOHEATCOOL project 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 7

District heating effects Doubling the sales of district heat in Europe would ● Reduce primary energy consumption by 2, 1 EJ/a (Primary energy consumption of Sweden) ● Reduce import dependency by 4, 5 EJ/a (Primary energy consumption of Poland) ● Reduce CO 2 emissions by 400 mln tons / 9, 3% ( Emissions of France from fossil fuel combustion) Source: ECOHEATCOOL project 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 8

Primary resource factors express the ratio between the non-regenerative energy input and final energy used. The lower the PRF of a technology (in operation), the greater its contribution to reduce the use of fossil primary energy 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 9

To build new passive-houses is easy but how to make this house zero-emitting ? 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in 2008 -11 -07 10

Examples of low emitting District Heating 2008 -11 -07 11

Solar heating connected to District Heating % 0, 01 w o l. S a t o t f Eksta Malmö Odensbacken Falkenberg Säter Kungälv Nykvarn Brædstrup, DK Marstal, DK H D h edis 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 12

”Geothermal” energy in District Heating ● Defined as energy from the ground or lakes utilized by heat pumps. (RES dir) ● Average COP of 3, 1 heat pumps cover 8 % of Swedish District Heating ● Decreasing because… ● …carbon emissions similar to oil fired boilers 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 13

Efficiency of production of electric power in EU-27 in years 2000 and 2005 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 14

Sundsvall 1968 -2008 What you don’t see on the picture Facts Population: 95 000 Area: 3 200 km 2 After Yield from 35% to 80% Fossil fuels -80% (in 2012 0% fossil fuels) Before CO 2 linked to heating and local electricity production -75% 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 15

DH/CHP plant in Västerås, Sweden Block 1+2 Block 3 Block 4 Boiler 5 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 19

Available Technology and Investments with rapid pay-off To double the District Heating share in Europe from 7% to 15%: 70 B€ investment <4 years pay-off time g n i y u b ad of 10% reduction in CO 2 emissions ste n i e r u would reduce the need for struct fra n i g nvestin fossil fuel imports to EU of 4, 5 EJ/year i r o f y one m e s U s l e u f l i foss 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 20

Substitution of natural gas with district heating based on recycling of industrial surplus, cutting 7% of all CO 2 emissions in the city of Varberg in less than 5 years s e v i g n entatio iate d e m im 2 e O C n o ffect em l p m i Rapid Source: Dr Sven Werner Professor, Energy Technology, Halmstad University 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 21

Integrated Power, Heat and Pellets production in Skellefteå Boiler & Turbine Capacity: 64 MW DH; 35 MW electricity Pellets production Capacity: 24 t/H Pellets 4, 9 MW electricity e b t s u ym t i c i r t c le e s u l p sur nd a t a e sh u l p cy r n u e i S c i f f gye r e n e as d e z i n g reco Accumulator 15 000 m 3 Similar integrations can be done with other biofuel plants 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 22

Environmental improvements due to the Surplus heat utilization - t a e h eful us s e com e b s e Loss ● The heat is transported from Frövifors Bruk to Frövi, Vedevåg and Lindesberg over an 18 km long transmission pipeline. 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 23

What are the opportunities with District Heating ● Connecting energy sources to energy consumers and hereby utilize surplus energy from ● Electricity production ● Heavy industry and biofuel plants ● Energy from waste ● Introduce large scale biomass use, solar and geothermal heating ● Less dependency on imported fossil fuel - money used for infrastructure – increases the security of supply 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 25

A few ideas to make it happen. . . Ø Definition of clear objectives at the policy level Ø Cooperation between policy-makers and industry in the analysis Ø Strong participation of the industry in the development of technical tools and rules Ø Coherence is a key. . . Ø Do not fragmentize – keep Energy Efficiency, RES and CO 2 reduction on the table all the time - District Heating do 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 26

Conclusion More info at: www. euroheat. org www. ecoheatcool. org Or erik. larsson@svenskfjarrvarme. se 8 th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008 -11 -07 29