CODE SWITCHING Code switching is when a speaker

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CODE SWITCHING

CODE SWITCHING

Code switching is when a speaker alternates between two or more languages (or dialects

Code switching is when a speaker alternates between two or more languages (or dialects or varieties of language) in one conversation. Code switching can be observed mostly in second or foreign language classes and refers to the use of two languages within a sentence or discourse. It is a natural conflation that often occurs between multilingual speakers who have two or more languages in common. Sometimes, speakers flip from one language to another accidentally, but in many situations, code switching is done deliberately to both create unity or to exclude someone from a conversation. It is seen as a sign of solidarity within a group, and it is also assumed that all speakers in a conversation must be bilingual in order for code switching to occur. Code switching is used most often when a word doesn't "come. " • Examples of Code Switching Gracias for the lovely gift. (Spanish + English) Happy Birthday, друже!

EXAMPLES OF CODE SWITCHING WITHIN THE SAME LANGUAGE For example, you'd probably speak to

EXAMPLES OF CODE SWITCHING WITHIN THE SAME LANGUAGE For example, you'd probably speak to a potential employer differently than you would address a close friend, so you might switch from casual language to professional speak in certain settings. Another example is how many African Americans describe playing different roles in different settings and with different micro cultures, and talk about how they must be very careful to speak with academic vocabulary and cadence in any interaction with a police officer. You can mix academic speak with street speak, for example, or slip mid sentence into baby talk.

REASONS OF CODE SWITCHING To Fulfill a Need. A speaker who may not be

REASONS OF CODE SWITCHING To Fulfill a Need. A speaker who may not be able to express him/herself in one language might switch to another to compensate for the deficiency. As a result, the speaker may be triggered into speaking in the other language for a while. This type of code switching tends to occur when the speaker is upset, tired, or distracted in some manner, or when they are less fluent in one language. To Express Solidarity. Switching also commonly occurs when an individual wishes to express solidarity with a particular social group. Rapport is established between the speaker and the listener when the listener responds with a similar switch. To Exclude Others. Code switching may also be used to exclude others from a conversation who do not speak the second language. For example, if two people in an elevator in an English speaking place spoke Spanish, then not only would the others on that elevator who do not speak Spanish would be excluded from the conversation, but also a degree of comfort and intimacy would be established between the Spanish speakers due to the fact that not all those present in the elevator can listen to their conversation.

TYPES OF CODE SWITCHING • Inter-Sentential the language switch is done at sentence boundaries—words

TYPES OF CODE SWITCHING • Inter-Sentential the language switch is done at sentence boundaries—words or phrases at the beginning or end of a sentence. This type is seen most often in fluent bilingual speakers. For example: If you are late for the job interview, начувайся! • Intra-Sentential the shift is done in the middle of a sentence, with no interruptions, hesitations, or pauses to indicate a shift. The speaker is usually unaware of the shift. For example: Ці студенти – справжні lazy bones, нічого не хочуть робити. Different types of switches occur within the clause level and within the word level. • Extra-Sentential or Tag Switching this is the switching of either a single word or a tag phrase (or both) from one language to another. This type is common in intra sentential switches. It involves the insertion of a tag from one language into an utterance in another language. For example: A friend in need is a friend indeed, якщо ти знаєш, про що я.

BENEFITS OF CODE SWITCHING • The socio linguistic benefits of code switching include communicating

BENEFITS OF CODE SWITCHING • The socio linguistic benefits of code switching include communicating solidarity with or affiliation to a particular social group, so code switching can be viewed as a means of providing a linguistic advantage rather than an obstruction to communication. • code switching allows a speaker to convey more subtle attitudes and emotions by choosing from a bigger pool of words that is available to a bilingual person. • Utilizing the second language, then, allows speakers to increase the impact of their speech and use it in a more effective manner.

DOWNSIDES OF CODE SWITCHING • If a dominant culture requires all citizens to conform

DOWNSIDES OF CODE SWITCHING • If a dominant culture requires all citizens to conform to the dominant language and manner of speaking, or if subcultures are punished in any way for not conforming completely to the language majority, this is harmful. • In certain settings, code switching might be a barrier to communication rather than an aid. In the classroom, for example, code switching can be seen as language interference since it might impede learning. Although students may see code switching as an acceptable form of communication in society and may feel comfortable switching languages in everyday normal conversation, in some other settings, this type of communication would put those who are not bilingual at a disadvantage, because they would not be able to understand.

Code switching vs code mixing Code switching is something speakers do intentionally because they

Code switching vs code mixing Code switching is something speakers do intentionally because they want to express themselves with a personal style or flavor. Code mixing is something speakers might do unintentionally simply because they don't know the correct word or phrase. • Hello! Ну що, ходімо, ми запізнюємося! • Поздравляю! Бажаю всього найкращого! • In a classroom a student is speaking English as a second language: He was exhausted because he has been “ремонтував” his car all day long.

CODE SWITCHING IN CLASSROOM 1. Should a teacher allow language learners to code switch

CODE SWITCHING IN CLASSROOM 1. Should a teacher allow language learners to code switch when they have difficulty continuing a conversation in the new language? 2. Should a teacher explain instructions in both the native and the new language? 3. Is there any situation where code switching should be avoided in the classroom?