COCONUT OIL AND ITS HEALTH BENEFITS WHAT ROLE

COCONUT OIL AND IT’S HEALTH BENEFITS: WHAT ROLE CAN IT PLAY IN WEIGHT LOSS AND OBESITY REDUCTION? Presented by Julie A. Brier December 6, 2013

Presentation Outline MCFA structure and function Composition of Coconut Oil (CO) CO as a means to prevent and reduce obesity Dietary Considerations and Recommendations Supplementation vs. Food Conclusions

Coconut Oil Extraction Dry Process Wet Process Extraction from Coconut Milk Refined, Bleached, and Deodorized (RBD) Clean, ground or steamed copra is pressed (most common method) Carried on from Dry, Heated to 204 -245°C, tailor made for cooking purposes Fractionation medium-chain fatty acids are separated for specific uses (Lauric Acid, caprylic/capric triglyceride oil)

Medium-Chain Triglycerides 6 -10 Carbon Saturated Fatty Acid Absorbed directly into the portal circulation and transported to the liver for rapid oxidation http: //www. rsc. org/images/44 ---feature-fat-structure_tcm 18 -34671. jpg

Fatty Acids composition of Coconut Oil

Impact on Energy Expenditure and Thermogenesis Ogawa et al. (2007) Scalfi et al. (1991)

Thermogenesi s and Energy Expenditure Cont. St-Onge MP and Jones PJH (2002)

Eating Fat to Reduce Fat? One tablespoon contains 117 calories and 13. 6 grams of fat

Reductions in Abdominal Fat “The ingestion of coconut oil did not produce undesirable alterations in the lipid profile of women presenting abdominal obesity, although dietary supplementation with this oil did give rise to a reduction in WC, which is considered to confer some protection against CVDs. ” (Assunc¸a˜o et al. , 2009)

Impact on Food Intake and Satiety Pre-absorbative effect Production of ketones that suppress hunger A hyperinsulinemic response because of the ketones Satiated by the first meal as they absorb the entire fat nutrient at the time of ingestion leading to decreased intake at second meal Clegg ME (2010)

Discrepancies in the Literature Weight and Health Status of Subjects Lack of Males v. s Female Comparison Studies Variations in Length of Feeding Origin of MCFAs (most combination of oils)

Supplementation and Dietary Use Should I supplement? Should I use it when I cook?

Coconut Oil Products/Promotions “Eat Fat, Look Thin” and “The Coconut Oil Miracle” (Bruce Fife, ND) Tropical Traditions http: //www. tropicaltraditions. com/faq. htm#1

Questions?

References Assunc¸˜ao ML. , Ferreira HS. , Dos Santos AF. , Cabral Jr. CR. , and Florˆencio TMMT. Effects of dietary coconut oil on the biochemical and anthropometric profiles of women presenting abdominal obesity. Lipids; 2009: 44(7): 593 -601. Clegg ME. Medium-chain triglycerides are advantageous in promoting weight loss although not beneficial to exercise performance. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition; 2010: 61(7): 653– 679 Enig M. Health and nutritional benefits from coconut oil and its advantages over competing oils. Indian Coconut Journal; 2010. Ginsberg HN, Barr SL, Gilbert A et al. Reduction of Plasma Cholesterol Levels In Normal Men On An American Heart Association Step 1 Diet Or A Step 1 Diet With Added Monounsaturated Fat. The New England Journal of Medicine; 1990; 322(9): 574 -79. Han JR. , Deng B. , Sun J. , et al. Effects of dietary medium chain triglyceride on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in a group of moderately overweight free-living type 2 diabetic Chinese subjects. Metabolism; 2007: 56(7): 985 -991. Laiu KM, Lee YY, Chen CK and Rasool AHG. An Open-Label Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Virgin Coconut Oil in Reducing Visceral Adiposity. ISRN Pharmacology; 2011. Marten B. , Pfeuffer M. and Schrezenmeir J. Medium-chain triglycerides. International Dairy Journal; 2006; 16: 1374 -82. Ogawa A, Nosaka N, Kasai M et al. Dietary Medium- and Long-chain Triacylglycerols Accelerate Diet. Induced Thermogenesis in Humans. Journal of Oleo Science; 2007; 56(6): 283 -87. Scalfi L, Coltorti A and Contaldo F. Postprandial thermogenesis in lean and obese subjects after meals supplemented with medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides. Sodamade A, Oyedepo TA and Bolaji OS. Fatty Acids Composition of Three Different Vegetable Oils (Soybean Oil, Groundnut Oil and Coconut Oil) by High Preformance Liquid Chromotography. Chemistry and Materials Research; 2013: 17: 26 -29. St-Onge MP and Jones PJ. Physiological Effects of Medium-Chain Triglycerides: Potential Agents in the Prevention of Obesity. Journal of Nutrition; 2002: 132(3): 329 -32. St-Onge MP, Jones PJ. Greater rise in fat oxidation with medium-chain triglyceride consumption relative to long-chain triglyceride is associated with lower initial body weight and greater loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord; 2003: 27(12): 1565– 1571.