Coasts Shore Classifying Coasts Primary Coast Secondary Coast

Coasts Shore

Classifying Coasts • Primary Coast • Secondary Coast

Primary Coast • Land Erosion Coasts – Fjords • Coasts Built by Land Processes – Deltas • River dominated • Tide dominated • Wave dominated – Drumlins and Moraines • Volcanic Coasts • Coasts Shaped by Earth Movements

Secondary Coasts • Dissolution • High Energy Coasts • Low Energy Coasts

Features of Secondary Coasts • Sea Cliffs • Sea Caves • Wave Cut Platform

• Shore straightening • Accumulation of beaches – Long-shore Drift – Long-shore current

Beach • Composition and Slope of Beaches – Swash – backwash • Beach Shape – – – – Berm crest Backshore Foreshore Beach scrap Longshore trough Longshore bars

• Minor Beach Features • Rip Currents • Coastal cells

Large Scale Features of Secondary Coasts • • • Sand Spits Bay mouth Barrier Islands Lagoon Sea islands Tombolo

Coasts Formed By Biological Activity • Coral Reefs – Fringing Reefs – Barrier Reefs – Atolls

• Mangroves Coasts • Estuaries

Classification Of Estuaries • Drowned river mouths • Fjords • Bar-Built • Tectonic

Characteristics of Estuaries • Salt wedge estuaries • Well-mixed estuaries • Partially mixed estuaries • Fjords estuaries • Reverse estuaries

• • • The Value of Estuaries Lagoons and wetlands Wetland Slough Salt marsh swamp

Characteristics of US Coasts • The Pacific Coast • The Atlantic Coast • The Gulf Coast

Human Interference in Coastal Processes • Breakwater • Groins • Sea wall • Importing sand