Coastal Management in Indonesia in Decentralized Era Coastal

Coastal Management in Indonesia in Decentralized Era Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, defenses, transportation, mining, and communication. Decentralization on coastal zone management is required, especially for tropical coastal environment. Community-based management should be encouraged to ensure the proper management of coastal resources. Hendra Yusran Siry • EEOS Visiting Research Fellow • The United Nations- Nippon Foundation Fellowship 2006 - 2007 EEOS CZM 324 Class Fall Semester 30, 2006 Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, October fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses Science Centre, UMass Boston combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

About my self: HENDRA YUSRAN SIRY Planner Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research (AMFR) Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) Jl. M. T. Haryono Kav. 52 -53, Pancoran Jakarta 12770, Indonesia Web: http: //www. dkp. go. id Ph. D Candidate Resource Management in Asia-Pacific Program (RMAP) Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies (RSPAS) The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Telp : + 61 2 6125 8072 Facsimile : + 61 2 6125 4896 e-mail : hendra. siry@anu. edu. au web : http: //rspas. anu. edu. au/rmap/ Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Overview of presentation • • • Introduction to Indonesia Overview of Coastal Management Decentralization and Learning from Pilots Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Efforts and Initiatives Conclusions Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Boston 9935 miles (15990 km) (8634 nautical miles) Jakarta Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

INDONESIA: VAST LAND, SEA, POPULATION Portland Kalimantan Sumatra Chicago Sulawesi Papua Wash, DC Java Kalimantan > Thailand Sumatra > Sweden, Iraq JUST FOR COMPARISON…. Papua > California, Montana Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses Sulawesi > South Dakota combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like Java ~ Arkansas, Greece what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Introduction to Indonesia Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Introduction to Indonesia (I) • Indonesia’s is the World’s largest archipelago Ø 81, 000 km of coastline Ø 17, 500 islands (official count underway) Ø Stretches over 3 equatorial time zones • Marine waters cover 75% of the national area (~ 5. 8 million km 2), with third largest EEZ in the world (2. 7 million km 2 ) • Fourth largest population in the world (~230 million people) Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Introduction to Indonesia (II) v ~ 80% of coastal population engages in marine resource-dependent activities v 24% of Indonesia’s GDP comes from marine industries – it serves as direct employment for >16 million people v ~66% of Indonesia’s animal-based protein consumption is fish, including non-coastal populations (FAO, 2000) v 60 -95% of population lives within 100 km of the coast (WRI, 2001) v Coastal poverty, lack of education, population growth continues v Coastal resources degradation Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Coastal Degradation Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Coral mining Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Coral graveyards Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Coastal erosion Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Waste problems Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Overexploitation and destructive fishing • Muro Ami Fishing u Overfishing Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Destructive fishing • Blast fishing • Fishing with cyanide Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Sewage from industrial and domestic Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Overview Coastal Management Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Source: Siry (2006) Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Overview of Coastal Management (1) • The first Indonesian long-term development plan (1969 – 1993) emphasized terrestrial resources (forestry, mining) ØFisheries considered minor ØTourism insignificant • Central coastal projects implemented general one-size-fit all solutions (GIS training, data collection, etc. ) in regions • Shifting management of coastal zone to be more decentralized to local governments Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Overview of Coastal Management (2) • Political transition; just begin the decentralization process; • Dealing with domestic geopolitical situations; • Issues of local government capacities and capabilities; • Requirements for decentralized CZM = enabling conditions for making decentralized CZM work = institutional disciplines; • Establishment the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF). Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Decentralization and Learning from Pilots Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Decentralization and Learning from Pilots • Began ICM pilots in the regions: • New Approaches included: § Riau Coastal Zone Land Use Management § Coastal Environmental Management and Planning (CEMP) § Balikpapan Bay Management Plan § North Sulawesi CB-CRM § Facilitating across sectors § Focusing on local needs § Involving local stakeholders in decision-making § Creating legal frameworks Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Reasons for decentralized CZM • • Large population, Intensity and density of development growth, History of area growth, Diversity of marine and coastal resources, Economic considerations, Local needs merit local management, Efficient and effectiveness (decision making process, communication, bureaucracy). Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Opportunities and Implications • Tailored management to coastal issues • New opportunities to revitalize and institutionalize local specific values, norms and rights into governance system • Shifting from: Centralization: • ignorance of marine and coastal issues • lack of recognition of local values Decentralization: • district levels have more legal backup to manage coastal zone • recognition of local values Institutional, Budgeting and Human Resources Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Get closer to the law (1) Article 18 Law 32/2004: Districts and municipalities (Kabupaten/Kota): 1) Authority (not territory) to manage the resources 2) Sharing revenue 3) Task: · · · Exploration, exploitation, conservation and management Administrative decentralization Spatial planning Law enforcement Role in national sovereignty Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Get closer to the law(2) (4) Authority to manage: · Province: 12 nautical miles seaward · Kabupaten/kota: 1/3 of province · Midline principle (prinsip garis tengah) for marine waters less than above (5) Exception for subsistence and traditional fishermen Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Current Shifting Policy in Indonesian CZM • Law 34/2004 (previously 22/1999) has significantly changed the governance coastal and marine resources 12 nm • Implementation of the two laws on decentralization 4 nm 0 nm Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Get closer to the law(2) (4) Authority to manage: · Province: 12 nautical miles seaward · Kabupaten/kota: 1/3 of province · Midline principle (prinsip garis tengah) for marine waters less than above (5) Exception for subsistence and traditional fishermen Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

In summary the laws are: More local concerned Better services delivery More fiscal balance More devolution and delegation Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries • Established in 1999 with mandate Ø To increase economic growth through sustainable fisheries and ocean development activities; Ø To ensure fair distribution of income and other development benefits among fisheries and ocean stakeholders; Ø To ensure the maintenance of carrying capacity and quality of coastal and marine environment. • With the establishment of MMAF = marine and fisheries sector starts to awaken, more attention to the livelihood of the coastal communities, projected targets for increased contribution to the economy are becoming eminent Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE • • • Minister Secretariat General Directorate General of Coastal and Small Islands Affairs Directorate General of Capture Fisheries Directorate General of Aquaculture Development Directorate General of Marketing Directorate General of Sea Surveillance Inspectorate General Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE AFFAIRS SECRETARIAT GENERAL DG OF COASTAL AND SMALL ISLANDS AFFAIR DG OF CAPTURE FISHERIES DG OF AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT INSPECTORAT GENERAL DG OF CAPACITY BUILDING & MARKETING AGENCY FOR MARINE AND FISHERY RESEACH DG OF SEA SURVEILLANCE SECRETARIAT DIRECTORATE GENERAL SECRETARIAT DIRECTORATE GENERAL DIR OF SPATIAL PLANNING FOR SEA, COASTAL AND SMALL ISLANDS DIR OF FISHERY RESOURCES DIR OF FISH BREEDING DIR OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTION DIR OF SURVEILLANCE OF FISHERY RESOURCES DIR OF CONSERVATION AND NATIONAL MARINE PARK DIR OF CAPTURE FISHERY FACILITIES DIR OF AQUACULTURE INFRASTRUCTURE DIR OF ENTERPRENERSHIP INSTITUTION DIR OF SURVEILLANCE OF EINVIRONMETAL SERVICES DIR COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT DIR OF CAPTURE FISHERY INFRASTUCTURES DIR OF FISH CULTURE DEVELOPMENT DIR OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION DIR OF SURVEILLANCE OF ECOSYSTEM DIR OF SMALL ISLANDS MANAGEMENT DIR CAPTURE SERVICES DIR OF FISH HEALT MANAGEMENT DIR OF FISH MARKETING DIR OF SURVEILLANCE OF INFRASTUCTURE AND FACILITIES DIR OF COMMUNITY EMPOWERMWNT DIR OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND POST HARVEST DIR OF FISH CULTURE POST HARVEST DIR OF CAPITAL INVESTMENT DIR OF VIOLATION CONTROL Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Major Programs : • • Empowerment of coastal and fisheries communities Improvement of contribution to economic growth (development of aquaculture, etc) Rehabilitation and conservation of habitat and ecosystem Building public awareness that sea as unifying factor for the nation Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Efforts and Initiatives Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Current Efforts : • Integrated Coastal Management through implementation of this ICM approach in all provinces and coastal districts/cities, particularly through MCRMP, COREMAP phase II Projects and with MMAF de-concentration program. • Community-based Small-Island Management and Sustainable Development. • Empowering Socioeconomic of Coastal Community, through poverty alleviation, alternative income generating, access to the capital and technology to rehabilitate the coastal ecosystem as well as to reduce the anthropogenic impacts. • Coastal-Marine Resource Conservation and Marine National Parks. This activity covers the phasing out management of the current six Marine National Parks Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Creating Partners with the Regions • A Marine Affairs and Fisheries Ministerial Decree No. 10/MEN/2002 for Integrated Coastal Management has been issued by 9 April 2002, to endorse the implementation of Integrated Coastal Management Approach on local government coastal areas. • This policy will be followed by a series of national guidelines for Ø integrated coastal management, marine spatial plan Ø small-island management Ø coastal community empowerment Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Legal Framework: Dealing with Partnership and Incentives • MMAF has initiated a Coastal and Small Island Management Bill that provide provision for decentralized integrated coastal management through partnership and community based management. • • • Developed under an open and public process Background and justification info widely available and published Draft law completed for public review/comment Based on mandatory and voluntary provisions Creates a nested system from National to Provincial to District to Village Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

PARTNERS in PROJECTS • The multilateral Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program (COREMAP) Phase I & II • Bilateral Aid program such as CRMP – USAID; INTECOREEF – JICA; CEPI and EMDI - CIDA • Marine conservation program that are carried out by non various research institutions • The most recent integrated coastal management project will be MCRMP in 15 provinces and 43 districts/cities • Blended together to make holistic program Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Recent Achievement • • • Gradual implementation of MCS Harmonization of quality standards (Mutual Recognition Arrangements/MRA signed) Establishment of super-hatchery for marine fish Launching of monitoring program of the migration and distribution of fish stocks to support fishermen operation Strong support expressed by local government and various stakeholders Enactment of New Fisheries Act The process of making Coastal Zone Management Act Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Conclusion Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Conclusion (1) • Coastal zone management in Indonesia faces large scale social, economic and environmental problems; • Coastal zone management in Indonesia is in devolved experiment (two ways with more concern to local capacities, resources and solutions. Special treatments apply for experimentation). • It has improved its framework; . . . but. . it needs much stronger political will; Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Conclusion (2) • Challenge: how to make decentralized coastal zone management work for Indonesia · effective and efficient functioning of government · creating the enabling conditions and avoiding misperception of decentralization • The role of central government (especially MMAF) is an essential Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Thank you Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management

Further information Coastal zones have been used for multi-purposes including tourism, fisheries, transportation, mining, and communication. These multiple uses combined with rapid economic and industrial growth in recent decades have attracted an increasing percentage of population to live in coastal areas. The increasing number of population with its related consequences has resulted in depleted and degraded coastal and marine resources, like what has happened in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Ignorance of the role of community in implementing integrated coastal management