Co Space Sequencing arrival flows with spacing instructions

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Co. Space Sequencing arrival flows with spacing instructions (ASAS) and arrival manager (AMAN) EUROCONTROL

Co. Space Sequencing arrival flows with spacing instructions (ASAS) and arrival manager (AMAN) EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre CASCADE programme of EUROCONTROL EATM NUPII programme of EC DGTREN European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation 1

Motivation and constraints l Motivation l l l Constraints l l 2 Improve the

Motivation and constraints l Motivation l l l Constraints l l 2 Improve the sequencing of arrival flows through a new allocation of spacing tasks between air and ground Neither “transfer problems” nor “give more freedom” to pilots … shall be beneficial to all parties Human: consider current roles and working methods System: keep things as simple as possible

Principles and assumptions l Principles l l l New allocation of spacing tasks –

Principles and assumptions l Principles l l l New allocation of spacing tasks – no modification of responsibility for separation provision Execution to flight deck – not decision Controller initiative – not flight crew Maintain a spacing to a designated aircraft – not follow it New “spacing” instructions – not separation, not clearance Assumptions l l Air-air surveillance capabilities (ADS-B) Cockpit automation (ASAS) References: PO-ASAS FAA/EUROCONTROL, ASAS circular ICAO, ANC 11 recommendations 3

From past to present l Past experiments l l Present experiment l l 4

From past to present l Past experiments l l Present experiment l l 4 Assess feasibility, benefits and limits of spacing instructions in E-TMA (2002) and TMA (2003) Assess the feasibility of the joint use of spacing instructions (ASAS) and a sequencing tool (AMAN), Assess its impact on interaction between sectors and on ATC effectiveness

Spacing instructions To maintain current spacing Remain To maintain predicted spacing Merge To achieve

Spacing instructions To maintain current spacing Remain To maintain predicted spacing Merge To achieve then maintain spacing Heading then merge Adjust speed 5 Initiate direct then adjust speed

Spacing procedure Controller Target identificatio n Spacing instruction End of spacing 6 Pilot Designates

Spacing procedure Controller Target identificatio n Spacing instruction End of spacing 6 Pilot Designates target Identifies target “EEC 005, select target 3054” “EEC 005, target 3054 identified, Confirms target 8 o’clock, 30 miles” Gives heading, merging point and required spacing “EEC 005, continue heading then merge WPT 90 s behind target” Initiates direct when spacing achieved “EEC 005, merging WPT” Adjusts speed to maintain spacing Cancels spacing “EEC 005, cancel spacing, speed 180 knots” Cancels spacing and takes speed

Airspace design FAF Standard trajectory Possible paths Merge point Envelope of possible paths IAF

Airspace design FAF Standard trajectory Possible paths Merge point Envelope of possible paths IAF FL FL-1 7 Sequencing legs (vertically separated)

Controller interface Aircraft under spacing Aircraft with target selected Aircraft arriving under spacing 8

Controller interface Aircraft under spacing Aircraft with target selected Aircraft arriving under spacing 8

Adding a sequencing tool l AMAN l l ASAS l 9 Smooth flows to

Adding a sequencing tool l AMAN l l ASAS l 9 Smooth flows to ensure capacity in TMA not exceeded (through indication of time to loose or gain) Synchronise clusters to facilitate integration in TMA (through sequence order and indication of gaps) Time scale: 1 minute Maintain spacing between pairs of aircraft (through use of “merge” and “heading then merge” instructions)

Arrival manager (display) Horizon (t – 40 min) Flow from IAF 1 Runway threshold

Arrival manager (display) Horizon (t – 40 min) Flow from IAF 1 Runway threshold 10 Time to lose or gain Flow from IAF 2

Experiment setup l Conditions l l Airspace l l l l 11 Generic airspace

Experiment setup l Conditions l l Airspace l l l l 11 Generic airspace (derived from Paris) Two E-TMA sectors and one TMA sector feeding a single landing runway With spacing: standard trajectories and a merging point in TMA Manning l l Without (conventional) versus with spacing instructions in time Executive and planning in each E-TMA sector Sequence planner Pickup and feeder in TMA With spacing: executive and planning in TMA (pickup and feeder grouped) Four enroute (DGAC, ENAV), four approach (AENA, DGAC, ENAV) controllers Traffic l Up to very high (with peaks exceeding TMA capacity)

Overall schedule Training airspace Training ASAS Training and method of use ASAS+AMAN Weeks 1&2

Overall schedule Training airspace Training ASAS Training and method of use ASAS+AMAN Weeks 1&2 Cockpit simulator Refresh Weeks 3&4 12 Measured ASAS+AMAN versus AMAN Exploratory Debrief

Airspace (approach fixes) APS ODRAN FL 070 (8 NM at 250 kt) MOTEK FL

Airspace (approach fixes) APS ODRAN FL 070 (8 NM at 250 kt) MOTEK FL 080 (8 NM at 250 kt) KAYEN CODYN AW 13 FAO 26 3000 ft (4. 5/6 NM at 180 kt) OKRIX AE

Airspace (merge points) APS KAYEN ODRAN CODYN (90 s) AW 14 FAO 26 LOMAN

Airspace (merge points) APS KAYEN ODRAN CODYN (90 s) AW 14 FAO 26 LOMAN (90/120 s) FL 060 FL 070 MOTEK OKRIX (90 s) AE

Repartition of instructions E-TMA Speed Heading Spacing AMAN 15 AMAN +ASAS

Repartition of instructions E-TMA Speed Heading Spacing AMAN 15 AMAN +ASAS

Geographical distribution of instructions AMAN+ASAS Speed Heading Spacing Cancel 0 16 5 10 15

Geographical distribution of instructions AMAN+ASAS Speed Heading Spacing Cancel 0 16 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 Distance to final approach fix (NM) 70 75 80

Mean number of aircraft Spacing on final 17 14 13 12 11 10 9

Mean number of aircraft Spacing on final 17 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 AMAN+ASAS AMAN Time spacing (s)

Throughput 28 Legend Max Mean+Std Mean-Std Min Number of aircraft 27 26 25 24

Throughput 28 Legend Max Mean+Std Mean-Std Min Number of aircraft 27 26 25 24 23 Measured period: 45 min 22 18 AMAN+ASAS

Trajectories AMAN 19 AMAN +ASAS

Trajectories AMAN 19 AMAN +ASAS

Conclusion l l Spacing instructions and sequencing tool complementary Benefits: high in TMA, reduced

Conclusion l l Spacing instructions and sequencing tool complementary Benefits: high in TMA, reduced in E-TMA (due to fewer arrivals per sector) l l l l Results consistent with previous experiments Next steps: l l l 20 Reduction of manoeuvres Earlier flow integration and relief from late vectoring More regular spacing on final and throughput slightly increased Straighter trajectories with no dispersion below 4000 ft Aircraft on navigation mode (not open vectors) More complex environments New capabilities Application to real airspace