CO 2 geological storage Road Map EOR aquifers

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CO 2 geological storage: Road Map, EOR, aquifers, mineral Stuart Haszeldine School of Geo.

CO 2 geological storage: Road Map, EOR, aquifers, mineral Stuart Haszeldine School of Geo. Sciences University of Edinburgh s. haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 1

Edinburgh Centre: SCCS Edinburgh University - CCS system, geology, flow modelling Heriot-Watt University -

Edinburgh Centre: SCCS Edinburgh University - CCS system, geology, flow modelling Heriot-Watt University - petroleum engineering, hydrates British Geological Survey - CCS expertise, regional geology Studies: 10 staff, Road Map: UK Energy Research Centre CCS in India - legal, geological, social Enhanced oil recovery modelling 8 Post-doctoral, 15 Ph. D research, 6/yr MSc Hydrates during injection and transport CO 2 geochemical interaction with reservoir and seal Natural CO 2 sites - long-term performance and acceptance Exploration for aquifer storage sites linked to retrofit CCS Regional assessment links of CO 2 source, transport, store Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 2

Connections and networks Largest group of academics in the UK researching CO 2 Storage

Connections and networks Largest group of academics in the UK researching CO 2 Storage Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 3

EOR Commercial added value for oil companies Onshore: Viable in USA, Canada etc -

EOR Commercial added value for oil companies Onshore: Viable in USA, Canada etc - receives help on capital cost or production taxation Offshore: No examples Assessed in UK (BP) and Norway (Shell) - rejected economics Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 4

Saline AQUIFER: Ketzin CO 2 SINK Thin layers of rapid flow 1000 CO 2

Saline AQUIFER: Ketzin CO 2 SINK Thin layers of rapid flow 1000 CO 2 Geo. Net Perm (m. D) 500 0 Sensitivity studies predicting CO 2 distribution after 2. 5 yr Model from Frykman et al, 2006 3 D volume predicting porous river sand reservoir shapes Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 5

Miller oilfield: natural CO 2 seal 5% X 30% Miller Low CO 2 High

Miller oilfield: natural CO 2 seal 5% X 30% Miller Low CO 2 High CO 2 Sleipner Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 6

UK aquifer study “CASSEM” 3. 7 M Euro Aquifer methodology Two UK settings Site

UK aquifer study “CASSEM” 3. 7 M Euro Aquifer methodology Two UK settings Site exploration linked to coal plant Integrated project Combustion, Transport, Geology, Geophysics, Storage volumes Reservoir engineering, Risk, Public acceptance Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 7

India: possible study sites Associated gas (very cheap) EOR on/offshore (costs? ) Aquifers on/offshore

India: possible study sites Associated gas (very cheap) EOR on/offshore (costs? ) Aquifers on/offshore (large volume) Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 8

Road Map & R&D Vision and timing of early actions to provide decarbonised fossil-fired

Road Map & R&D Vision and timing of early actions to provide decarbonised fossil-fired electricity supply in national energy portfolio. EXAMPLES UK Energy Research Centre EU Zero Emission Plants • Efficiency routes and innovations for India. • Capture-ready routes and innovations. • Transport options • Storage options and innovations • Supply chain industry benefits • Environmental and climate change benefits R&D capability Linkages of entire CCS chain, based on UK experience, and EU- ZEP. Adapted to India context. Joint university and Institute research on: Efficiency, Capture, Storage, Environment, Acceptance Work on SPECIFIC examples, not just generic Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 9

Collaboration: Edinburgh • ROAD MAP of need, benefit, counterfactual dis-benefits, capacity building first actions

Collaboration: Edinburgh • ROAD MAP of need, benefit, counterfactual dis-benefits, capacity building first actions Dec 2008 ? • INDIA - Capacity building - MSc, Ph. D, PDRA - Efficiency and capture-ready possibilities, timescales - CCS chain (legal, capture, store, public/policy blockages) - identify cheap geological stores close to CO 2 source - unconventional storage for India (export, hydrates, ? mineral) • AQUIFERS - General, Detail case studies, Volumes • EOR - identify particular field(s) close to CO 2 source • ASSOCIATED GAS - identify particular field(s) with CO 2 • BASALTS - identify sites, rates interaction CO 2 • HYDRATES - identify capture, transport, storage sites Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 10

Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 11

Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 11

Evaluating the reservoir: Utsira Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 12

Evaluating the reservoir: Utsira Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 12

India: unconventional solutions? Power Secretary: likes capture, dislikes storage, likes minerals Science Minister: likes

India: unconventional solutions? Power Secretary: likes capture, dislikes storage, likes minerals Science Minister: likes storage, wants it cheap 1) Export coastal CO 2 by boat, to re-fill and import gas 2) Deep ocean bed hydrates 3) Add hydrogen => micro-biology + nutrient hydrogen: wind/wave/hydro or nuclear 4) Bio-char - recarbonise soils 5) Mineralisaton - basalt ? ? Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 13

Capillary seal: less CO 2 than oil CO 2 Oil CO 2 harder to

Capillary seal: less CO 2 than oil CO 2 Oil CO 2 harder to seal than oil. Only 25% of oil volume trapped. measurement / modelling needed to guarantee seal Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 Stuart. Haszeldine@ed. ac. uk Baseline 14