CNGS Commissioning and First Operation Edda Gschwendtner ABATBEA

CNGS: Commissioning and First Operation Edda Gschwendtner AB/ATB/EA on behalf of the CNGS project and commissioning teams SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 1

1. 2. 3. 4. SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Introduction Proton Beam Line Commissioning Secondary Beam Line Commissioning CNGS Operation Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 2

CNGS Layout 800 m 1000 m 26 m 67 m vacuum p + C (interactions) p+, K+ (decay in flight) m+ + nm SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 3

SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 4

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters Beam parameters Nominal energy [Ge. V] Normalized emittance [mm] Emittance [mm] Momentum spread Dp/p # extractions per cycle Batch length [ms] # of bunches per pulse Intensity per extraction [1013 p] Bunch length [ns] (4 s) Bunch spacing [ns] Beta at focus [m] Beam sizes at 400 Ge. V [mm] Beam divergence [mrad] Nominal CNGS beam 400 H=12 V=7 H=0. 028 V= 0. 016 0. 07 % +/- 20% 2 separated by 50 ms 10. 5 2100 2. 4 2 5 hor. : 10 ; vert. : 20 0. 5 mm hor. : 0. 05; vert. : 0. 03 ~500 k. W beam power Expected beam performance: 4. 5 x 1019 protons/year on target SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 5

Schedule 10 July 2006 SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 6

Proton Beam Line Commissioning SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 7

QTG (Quadruples) MBG (Dipoles) l l 73 magnets (5 spares) Gap height 37 mm Nominal field : 1. 7 T @ 400 Ge. V Magnetic length : 6. 3 m l l l 20 magnets (3 spares) Magnetic aperture : 45 mm Nominal gradient 40 T/m, 2. 2 m long MDG (Corrector Magnets) l l l SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 12 magnets (5 spares) Gap height : 45 mm Bending angle 80 mm, 0. 7 m long Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 8

Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets) SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 9

BN collimator, d=14 mm Be window, t=100 mm Proton beam: last beam position / beam profile monitors upstream of the target station SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 10 collimator and shielding

Commissioning Plan l Hardware commissioning è è è l Beam instrumentations Power supplies Magnets (polarities) Vacuum system (April / May: Target / Horn exchange excercises ‘real’) ‘Dry runs’ from CCC è April – May 2006 Timing Controls Interlocks Beam permit Magnets (currents & polarities) Commissioning with beam SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Feb. – April 2006: weeks 28, 30 and 33 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 11

1 x 1013 week 28 SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 CNGS Commissioning: total number of protons used: 7 x 1015 (equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam) week 30 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB week 33 12

FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006 1 st shot down proton beam line: beam is already well centered on screens 8 profile monitors (BTVG): Optical Transition Radiation screens: • 75 mm carbon • 12 mm titanium screens SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 13

CNGS Beam Position Monitors 18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT 41 60 mm Aperture SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 14

Trajectory along the Beam Line Average of two extractions. 1 E 13 protons per batch 5 mm Horizontal plane 5 mm Vertical plane Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days: ~50 mm rms SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 15

Optics Check Beta functions good agreement with theory Dispersion Dx SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 16

Secondary Beam Line Commissioning SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 17

Target Region Layout Ionization Chambers TBID beam BPM 2 SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 collimator Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB target horn 18

CNGS Target Elements 10 cm long graphite rods, Ø = 5 mm and/or 4 mm proton beam Note: - target rods thin / interspaced to “let the pions out” - target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition) SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 19

Target Magazine indexing finger SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 20

TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream) Secondary emission monitor, 12 µm Ti foils, diameter = 145 mm l Measures all charged particles downstream the target è SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Check efficiency of particle production in the target Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 21

Horizontal Beam Scan, Target Out Intensity on TBID vs. BPM 2 collimator p BPM 2 [mm] SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 22

Horizontal Beam Scan, Target IN Intensity on TBID vs. BPM 2 position p SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 BPM 2 Target Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 23

Horn Installation of the horn in the target chamber SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 24

Horn/Reflector Power System Unit HORN System REFLECTOR System Load Peak current k. A 150 180 Pulse duration ms 6. 5 9. 8 16 32 Transformer ratio Primary peak current A 9375 5646 Charging voltage V 6300 5800 l/min 75 48 bar 1. 2 Water flow for delta T=5 C Pressure SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 25

Decay Tube è è è steel pipe 1 mbar 994 m long entrance window: 3 mm Ti exit window: 50 mm carbon steel, water cooled 2. 45 m diameter, t=18 mm, surrounded by 50 cm concrete Hadron Stop • Cooling modules: stainless steel tubes in Al blocks • Several temperature sensors SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 26

Muon Monitors pit 1 pit 2 Monitoring of: è muon intensity è muon beam profile shape & centre Muon energy filter due to 67 m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2. Muon intensity: Up to ~8 x 107 per cm 2 and 10. 5µs Detector choice: ionization chambers SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 27

LHC type Beam Loss Monitors Stainless steel cylinder Al electrodes, 0. 5 cm separation N 2 gas filling l l l 270 cm 60 cm 11. 25 cm l l SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers) 2 x 1 movable monitor Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 28

Horizontal Muon Profile, Target Out SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 29

Horizontal Angular Scan, Target Out SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 30

Target vs. Horn Alignment Note SL-2001 -016 -EA Pit 2 Pit 1 target vs. horn misalignment: 3 mm 10. 1 cm shift in Muon Pit 1 6 mm 19. 1 cm 9 mm 24. 3 cm simulations SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 31

Vertical Target vs. Horn Alignment Muon pit 1: more sensitive to target vs. horn alignment BPM 2 Target Horn BPM 2 Horn p Target p SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 32

Target Unit Tests unit 1 : polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PT density 1. 76 g/cm 3 unit 3: carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A 035 density >1. 75 g/cm 3 SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 33

Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3 Muon pit 1 Average of 2 extraction, ~1. 2 E 13 protons Muon pit 2 SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 34

Check Horn/Reflector On/Off Muon Signals in Pit 1 Δ ~ factor 10 Horn/Refl ON Horn/Refl OFF SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 35

CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary) Muon Monitors, Horizontal Pit 1 ■ Measurement ■ Simulation Fluka simulation SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 36

CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary) Muon Monitors, Horizontal Pit 2 ■ Measurement ■ Simulation Fluka simulation SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 37

CNGS Operation SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 38

CNGS operation: protons on target 18 - 30 August: 6. 3 x 1017 p. o. t. 1 x 1013 techn. stop / MD SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB MD 39

On-line display Emuon > 20 Ge. V Emuon > 50 Ge. V pit 2, horizontal pit 1, vertical pit 2, vertical Pit 1 SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Pit 2 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 40

SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 charges/pot proton intensity/extraction Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2 +/-1% Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 41

SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 charges/pot proton intensity/extraction Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1 +/-1% Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 42

Radiation Detectors in ECA 4 SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 43

Radiation Detectors in ECA 4 The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 m. Sv/h in accessible regions. Based on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 0. 05 %. SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 44

Summary l l CNGS construction started 2000 Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioning ‘Dry runs’ è l Allowed early debugging of all systems CNGS has been successfully commissioned CNGS is operational MANY THANKS to all involved in the project’s success! SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 45

Spare Slides SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 46

CNGS Performance For CNGS performance, the main issues are è the geodesic alignment wrt. Gran Sasso Examples: effect on ντ cc events horn off axis by 6 mm reflector off axis by 30 mm proton beam on target off axis by 1 mm < 3% CNGS facility misaligned by 0. 5 mrad (beam 360 m off) < 3% è the beam must hit the target very accurately è SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 horn and reflector tables NOT motorized Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 47

Radiological Issues Beam on: < 100 Sv/h outside the horn shielding è < 2 Sv/h in service gallery è l Beam off- immediately afterwards è 100 m. Sv/h d lle to’! ro nt ve co on is iati ss ce rad Ac ith ‘ w l For intervention: dose rate < 2 m. Sv/intervention (CERN rule) Examples: 1 week shutdown to change a motor of the target è 1 month shutdown to exchange the horn è l SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Only possible because most is remotely handled! Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 48

Residual Dose Rate Target and horn region Example: • 200 days irradiation • tcool = 1 day m. Sv/h 100 10 1 (Courtesy of A. Ferrari et al ) SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 49

Final Alignment coll. =14 mm BPM 2 target horn target ref. system L 1. 9 mm H beam ref. system R coll. =14 mm BPM 2 target 1. 4 mm horn 2 mm beam ref. system U V target ref. system D SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 50

Beam Events CC event in the first magnet SPSC, 3 Oct. 2006 Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO, rocks) Edda Gschwendtner, AB/ATB 51