CMS at UCSB Prof J Incandela US CMS
CMS at UCSB Prof. J. Incandela US CMS Tracker Project Leader DOE Visit January 20, 2004
Experimental Focus • Some of the questions LHC Experiments could resolve: What is the origin spontaneous symmetry breaking ? What sets the known energy scales ? QCD ~ 0. 2 « VEVEWK ~ 246 « MGUT ~ 1016 « MPL ~ 1019 Ge. V What comes next ? • Supersymmetry ? • Is this what explains the galactic dark matter ? • Extra dimensions ? • Something completely unexpected? • Big questions nowadays require big machines… UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 2
CERN Large Hadron Collider
CERN Large Hadron Collider • 27 km around • 1100 dipole magnets • 14 m long • 8. 4 T field • dual aperture • Proton on proton: 14 Te. V • 25 ns between beam crossings • Peak Luminosity 1034 cm-2 s-1 • 20 collisions per beam crossing
Challenge and Reward • Higher Energy • Broadband production • BUT • Total cross-section is very high! • What’s interesting is rare • The ability to find any of these events is a consequence of evolved detector design and technological innovations: • Multi-level trigger systems and high speed pipe-lined electronics • Precision, high rate, calorimetry • Radiation-tolerant Silicon microstrips and Pixel detectors UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 5
SM Higgs at the LHC Production and Decay To a large extent, the quest for the Higgs drives the design of the LHC detectors. Nevertheless, essentially all other physics of interest require similar capabilities UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 6
Light SM Higgs Lepton id, b tagging and ET are crucial Difficult (or impossible) Energy resolution must be exceptional, tracking is crucial UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 7
CMS Experiment at CERN Most Ambitious Elements: Calorimetry & Tracking UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 8
CMS Inner Detector • Inside of the 4 Tesla field of the largest SC Solenoid ever built • • Pixels: at least 2 Layers everywhere Inner Si Strips: 4 Layers Outer Si Strips: 6 Layers Forward Silicon strips: 9 large, and 3 small disks per end EM Calorimeter: Pb. WO 4 crystals w/Si APD’s Had Calorimeter: Cu+Scintillator Tiles Outside: Muon detectors in the return yoke UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 9
UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 10
Tracking “Golden Channel” Efficient & robust Tracking ÞFine granularity to resolve nearby tracks ÞFast response time to resolve bunch crossings ÞRadiation resistant devices Reconstruct high PT tracks and jets Þ ~1 -2% PT resolution at ~ 100 Ge. V (m’s) Tag b jets Þ Asymptotic impact parameter sd ~ 20 mm UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 11
CMS Tracker Pixels Outer Barrel (TOB) End Caps (TEC 1&2) 2, 4 m Inner Barrel & Disks (TIB & TID) 5. 4 m volume 24. 4 m 3 running temperature – 10 0 C UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 12
Pixels CMS Pixels • 45 million channels • 100 mm x 150 mm pixel size • Barrel: 4, 7 and 11 cm • 2 (3) disks per end Why Pixels ? • IP resolution • Granularity • Peak occupancy ~ 0. 01 % • Starting point for tracking • Radiation tolerance UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 13
Silicon Strips 6 layers of 500 mm sensors high resistivity, p-on-n 9+3 disks per end Blue = double sided Red = single sided 4 layers of 320 mm sensors low resistivity, p-on-n Strip lengths range from 10 cm in the inner layers to 20 cm in the outer layers. Strip pitches range from 80 mm in the inner layers to near 200 mm in the outer layers UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 14
Some Tracker Numbers Silicon sensors CF frame FE hybrid with FE ASICS Pitch adapter UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela • 6, 136 Thin wafers • 19, 632 Thick wafers 300 μm 500 μm • • 6, 136 Thin detectors (1 sensor) 9, 816 Thick detectors (2 sensors) • • 3112 + 1512 Thin modules (ss +ds) 4776 + 2520 Thick modules (ss +ds) • 10, 016, 768 individual strips and readout electronics channels • • 78, 256 APV chips ~26, 000 Bonds • • 470 m 2 of silicon wafers 223 m 2 of silicon sensors (175 m 2 + 48 m 2) 15
APV 25 • 0. 25 mm radiation-hard CMOS technology • 128 Channel Low Noise Amplifier • ~8 MIP dynamic range • 50 ns CR-RC shaper • 192 cell analog pipeline • Differential analog data output UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 16
Efficiency, Purity, Resolution UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 17
CMS Physics Reach • HIGGS • The Standard Model Higgs can be discovered over the entire expected mass range up to about 1 Te. V with 100 fb-1 of data. • Most of the MSSM Higgs boson parameter space can be explored with 100 fb-1 and all of it can be covered with 300 fb-1. • SUSY • squarks and gluinos up to 2. 5 Te. V or more • SUSY should be observed regardless of the breaking mechanism UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 18
Squarks and Gluinos ~ g~ The figure shows the q, mass reach for various luminosities in the inclusive ET + jets channel. • SUSY could be discovered in one good month of operation … UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 19
Gluino reconstruction ~ pp ~g b b (26 %) Event final state: • 2 high pt isolated leptons OS • 2 high pt b jets • missing Et (35 %) ~ c 10 l + l - (0. 2 %) ~+ ~0 l l c 1 l + l - (60 %) p b l - ~+ l p + b UCSB could play a significant role here… UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela l M. Chiorboli 20
CMS Physics Reach • Extra dimensions: • LED: Sensitive to multi-Te. V fundamental mass scale • SED: Gravitons up to 1 -2 Te. V in some models • And more. • If Electroweak symmetry breaking proceeds via new strong interactions something new has to show up • New gauge bosons below a few Te. V can be discovered • If the true Planck scale is ~ 1 Te. V, we may even create black holes and observe them evaporate… This is an outstanding program. It requires unprecedented cost and effort. It is not guaranteed… UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 21
Our Responsibility NEW: End Caps (TEC) Outer Barrel (TOB) ~105 m 2 2. 4 m 50% Modules for Rings 5 and 6 and hybrid processing for Rings 2, 5, 6 5. 4 UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela m 22
Module Components Pins Front-End Hybrid Kapton cable Pitch Adapter Kapton-bias circuit Carbon Fiber Frame Silicon Sensors UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 23
Rods & Wheels 1. 2 m UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 0. 9 m 24
Sensors: factories Frames: Brussels Pitch adapter: Brussels Hybrids: Strasbourg Hybrid: CF carrier US and UCSB in the CMS tracker CERN KSU Sensor QAC Module assembly Sub-assemblies Wien Bari Padova Pisa Torino Bari ROD INTEGRATION FNAL Perugia FNAL UCSB Bonding & FNAL UCSB testing Integration into mechanics Pisa UCSB TIB-TID INTEGRATION Pisa Wien Louvain Pisa PETALS INTEGRATION Aachen At CERN Lyon TECassembly TK ASSEMBLY Brussels UCSB Zurich Strasbourg Karlsruhe Aachen Brussels TOB assembly TIB-ID assembly At CERN Lyon Wien Firenze Louvain Strasbourg Karlsruhe TECassembly Karlsruhe. --> Lyon UCSB carries majority of US production load
Active Group • Fermilab (FNAL) • L. Spiegel, S. Tkaczyk + technicians • Kansas State University (KSU) • T. Bolton, W. Kahl, R. Sidwell, N. Stanton • University of California, Riverside (UCR) • Gail Hanson, Gabriella Pasztor, Patrick Gartung • University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) • A. Affolder, A. Allen, D. Barge, S. Burke, D. Calahan, C. Campagnari, D. Hale, (C. Hill), J. Incandela, S. Kyre, J. Lamb, C. Mc. Guinness, D. Staszak, L. Simms, J. Stoner, S. Stromberg, (D. Stuart), R. Taylor, D. White • University of Illinois, Chicago (UIC) • E. Chabalina, C. Gerber, T. T • University of Kansas (KU) • P. Baringer, A. Bean, L. Christofek, X. Zhao • University of Rochester (UR) • R. Demina, R. Eusebi, E. Halkiadakis, A. Hocker, S. Korjenevski, P. Tipton • Mexico: 3 institutes led by Cinvestav Cuidad de Mexico • 2 more groups are in the process of joining us UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 26
Outer Barrel Production • Outer Barrel • Modules • 4128 Axial (Installed) • 1080 Stereo (Installed) • Rods • 508 Single-sided • 180 Double-sided • US Tasks UCSB leadership ~20 cm Modules Built & Tested at UCSB (more in talk by Dean White) • All hybrid bonding & test • All Module assembly & test • All Rod assembly & test • Joint Responsibilities with CERN • Installation & Commissioning • Maintenance and Operation UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 27
End Cap Construction Module Built & Tested at UCSB (more in talk by Dean White) • Some Central European groups failed to produce TEC modules. • TEC schedule was threatened. • Central European Consortium requested US help • We agreed to produce up to 2000 R 5 and R 6 modules • After 10 weeks UCSB successfully built the R 6 module seen above. • We’re nearly ready to go on R 5 UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 28
UCSB Production Leadership • Gantry (robotic) module assembly • Redesigned • More robust, flexible, easily maintained • Surveying and QA • Automated use of independent system (OGP) • More efficient, accurate, fail-safe • Module Wirebonding • Developed fully automated wirebonding • Faster and more reliable bonding • Negligible damage or rework • Taken together: • Major increase in US capabilities • Higher quality UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 29
Testing & QA 4 -Hybrid test stand thermal cycler (subject of talk by Lance Simms) • UCSB the leader (cf. talk by A. Affolder) • Testing macros and Test stand configurations now used everywhere • Critical contributions • Discovered and played lead role in solution of potentially fatal problems! • Defective hybrid cables • Vibration damage to module wirebonds (cf. Talk Andrea Allen) • Discovered a serious Common Mode Noise problem and traced it to ST sensors • Other Important contributions; • First to note faulty pipeline cells in APVs • Led to improved screening • Taken together • Averted disaster (financial, and schedule) • Higher quality Improved testing (see talk by Tony Affolder) UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 30
Rods • UCSB Efforts • Building single rod test stands for both UCSB and FNAL • Designed and built module installation tools (for CERN, FNAL and UCSB) • Will lead in the definition of tests and test methods • Production • Will build and test half of the 688 rods (+10% spares) in the TOB UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 31
Summary • CMS is designed to maximize LHC physics • The tracker is one of the main strengths of CMS • UCSB is making critical contributions • Have proven to be essential to the success of the project • Subsequent talks • Details of the important aspects of the project and the important achievements of the UCSB CMS group in the past year as presented by the people responsible for them. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 32
Schedule of CMS Presentations • • • Overview (25’) - Joe Incandela Module Fabrication (20’) - Dean White Electronic Testing (20’)– Tony Affolder Rod Assembly and Testing (10’)– Jim Lamb Wirebonding (10’)– Susanne Kyre Database (10’)– Derek Barge Hybrid Thermal and Electronic Testing (10’) – Lance Simms OGP Surveying and Module Reinforcing (10’)– Andrea Allen Schedule and Plans (10’) – Joe Incandela UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 33
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