CMPD 223 CSNB 153 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION COMPUTER

CMPD 223 CSNB 153 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION COMPUTER ORGANIZATION COMPUTER SYSTEM

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 Introduction A Computer. . § takes input § processes it according to stored instructions § produces results as output 2015 Graphics and Multimedia 2

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 Introduction • The word computer was taken from the Latin – Computare – which means ‘calculate’. • Computer is a machine that only can execute instructions that given by the user and operate the data base on the related instruction. The computer will process the data to produce information. 2015 Graphics and Multimedia 3

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 Computer Special Purpose (Embedded system) General Purpose (User Programmable) Can be adapted to many situations Preprogrammed Watches Engine Management Traffic Signals PC Television Mainframe Telephones 2015 Workstation Supercomputer Etc… Graphics and Multimedia 4

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 This course is about: • What computers consist of • How computers work • How they are organized internally • What are the design tradeoffs • How design affects programming and applications Not: • How to fix computers • How to build myself one real cheap 2015 5

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 What is Computer Organization? Electronic Devices Desired Behavior … a very wide semantic gap between the intended behavior and the workings of the underlying electronic devices that will actually do all the work. 2015 Graphics and Multimedia 6

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 Role of General Purpose Computers computer Organization & architecture Electronic Devices software General Purpose Computer Desired Behavior A general purpose computer is like an island that helps span the gap between the desired behavior (application) and the basic building blocks (electronic devices). 2015 Graphics and Multimedia 7

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 Architecture Organization • Attributes visible to the programmer or those attributes has direct impact on logical execution of a program • Implementing the featuresoperational units and their interconnection § Instruction set § Number of bits used for data representation § I/O mechanisms § Addressing techniques • Compatibility - Sharing basic architecture § Intel x 86 family § IBM system / 370 family 2015 § Control signals § Interfaces § Memory technology Organization differs between versions Systems and Networking 8

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 Structure • Method in which components relates to each other • how each component/unit of computer communicates with each other 2015 Function • Operation of individual components as part of the structure • 4 computer functions a. b. c. d. Data movement Control Data storage Data processing 9

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 Functional View Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Data Storage Facility Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Processing Facility Figure 1: Four computer functions 2015 10

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 • Process data – the computer should be able to process data • Store data – Even the computer is on the fly, data come in and get processed and the result go out immediately, the computer must store data temporarily at any given moment. 2015 Systems and Networking 11

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 • Move data – The computer must be able to move data between itself and the outside world. When data are received and delivered to a device that is directly connected the a computer the process is known as I/O • Control – Finally there must be a control of these three functions. Within the computer, a control unit manages the resources and coordinates the performance of its functional parts in response to the instruction. 2015 Graphics and Multimedia 12

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 a) Data Movement Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Data Storage Facility Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Processing Facility Figure 2: Four computer functions – Data Movement 2015 13

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 b) Storage Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Data Storage Facility Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Processing Facility Figure 3: Four computer functions - Storage 2015 14

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 c) Processing - Storage Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Data Storage Facility Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Processing Facility Figure 4: Four computer functions – Processing from/to Storage 2015 15

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 d) Processing: Storage – I/O Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Data Storage Facility Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Processing Facility Figure 5: Four computer functions – Storage to I/O 2015 16

CMPD 223 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION Structure – Top Level • Recap: Method in which components relates to each other Computer Peripherals Computer Central Processing Unit (CPU) Main Memory Systems Interconnection (example : system bus) Communication lines 2015 Input Output 17

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 • Central Processing Unit To process data and control the computer operations. • Main Memory To keep data during process. • Systems Interconnection The mechanism which is use to communicate between CPU, main memory and I/O. • Input Output To move data and information between computer and external environment 2015 Graphics and Multimedia 18

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 Structure – Computer > CPU Computer Main Memory Central Processing Unit (CPU) Systems Interconnection Input Output 2015 CPU Registers Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Internal CPU Interconnection Control Unit 19

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION CMPD 223 Structure – Computer > CPU Registers Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Internal CPU Interconnection Control Unit 2015 Registers : Provide storage internal to the CPU Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) : Performs the computer’s data processing functions Control Unit : Control the operations of the CPU Interconnections : provide mechanism for communication among CU, ALU and registers 20