CMP LABS By Tiffany Potter COMPLETE METABOLIC PANEL

CMP LABS By Tiffany Potter

COMPLETE METABOLIC PANEL • CMP includes • BMP • • NA (136 -44 m. Eq/L CL (101 -111 mmol/L) K (3. 5 -5. 2 m. Eq/L) GLU (64 -128 mg/d. L) BUN (7 -20 mg/d. L Creatinine (0. 8 -1. 4 mg/d. L) CO 2 (HCO-3) (20 -29 mmol/L) • CO 2 is a waste product from metabolism. The blood carries CO 2 to your lungs – exhaled. More than 90% of CO 2 exists in the form of HCO 3. The rest of the CO 2 is either dissolved CO 2 or carbonic acid. Your kidney and lungs balance the levels of CO 2, HCO 3 and carbonic acid. • • Total protein (6. 0 -8. 0 gm/d. L) Albumin (3. 4 -5. 4 g/d. L) ALK Phosphostase (44 -147 IU/L) ALT (10 -40 IU/L) AST (10 -34 IU/L) Total bilirubin (0. 3 -1. 9 mg/d. L) Calcium (8. 5 -10. 2 mg/d. L)

TOTAL PROTEIN • The test measures the total amount of albumin and globin in the blood • Normal level 6. 0 -8. 3 gm/d. L • Indications are to diagnose nutritional problems, kidney or liver dx • May increase during pregnancy

TOTAL PROTEIN • HIGH Levels • LOW levels • Chronic inflammation or infection including HIV, hepatitis B or C • Agammaglobulinemia • Multiple myeloma • Burns • Waldenstrom’s dx • Bleeding, hemorrhage • Liver dx • Malabsorption/malnutrition • Nephrotic syndrome (dumping protein into the urine)

ALBUMIN • Albumin is a protein made by the liver and helps to move bilirubin, calcium progesterone and medication through the blood. Improves oncotic pressure, helping to keep fluids from leaking out in the tissues. • Normal range is 3. 4 -5. 4 g/d. L • Drugs that may affect the results are anabolic steroids, androgens, testorone, growth hormone, and insulin • Indications to evaluate liver or kidney dx

ALBUMIN • High Levels LOW Levels • Dehydration • Kidney dx • High protein diet • Liver dx (ascites) • Having a tourniquet on too long when blood is drawn • After wt loss surgery • Crohn’s dx • Low protein diet • Whipple’s dx • Wide spread burns • Wilson’s dx

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE • A protein found in all body tissues. • Used to diagnose liver or bone disease • Normal range 44 -147 IU/L • Indications • • • ETOH, hepatitis cirrhosis Biliary stricture Gallstones Giant cell arteritis Pancreatitis Renal cell carncinoma

ALKALINE PHOSPHOTASE • • • HIGH levels biliary obstruction osteoblastic tumors Osteomalacia liver dx Hepatitis hyperparathyroidism leukemia, lymphoma Ricket’s Sarcoidosis Paget’s dx • • LOW Levels Malnutrition Protein deficiency Wilson’s dx

ALANINE TRANSAMINASE (ALT) • • It is an enzyme found in the liver. Injury to the liver releases ALT into the blood. Normal range is 10 -40 IU/L Indication is liver dx Increased levels • • Cirrhosis Liver necrosis, liver ischemia Hepatitis Hemochromatosis Liver cancer Mononucleosis Pancreatitis Medication intoxication

ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE (AST) • AST is an enzyme found in the liver, heart, muscle cells • Normal range 10 -34 IU/L • Increased levels are r/t: • Cirrhosis • AMI • Hemochromotosis • Hepatitis • Liver necrosis, liver ischemia • Mononucleosis • Pancreatitis • Liver cancer, tumor • Medication intoxication • Surgery • seizures

TOTAL BILIRUBIN • Bilirubin is the breakdown product of normal heme catabolism. It is excreted in bile and urine • Can be measured through urine or blood • Normal Range • Direct (conjugated) bilirubin 0 -0. 3 mg/dl • Total Bilirubin 0. 3 -1. 9 mg/d. L • Increased levels cause jaundice (red cells breaking faster than normal) • Increased levels indicate • Liver dx, cirrhosis • Hepatitis • Gallstones • Biliary stricture • Cancer of pancreas, gallbladder • Gilbert’s dx

CALCIUM • All cells need calcium to grow strong bones and teeth. It is important for heart function, muscle contration, nerve signaling and blood clotting. • Can be measured via blood or urine • Normal Range 8. 5 -10. 2 mg/dl • Drugs that increase calcium levels • • • Lithium Calcium supplements Thiazide diuretics Thyroxine Vitamin D (drinking too much milk)

CALCIUM • Indications are r/t • • • Bone dx Cancers – multiple myeloma, cancer of breast, neck, kidney CKD Parathyroid gland Chronic liver dx

CALCIUM • HIGH Levels • Prolonged bedrest • HIV/AIDS hyperparathyroidism • Metastatic bone tumor • Multiple myeloma • Hyperthyroidsim • Paget’s dx • Sarcoidosis • Medications • LOW levels • • Hypoparathyroidism Kidney failure Liver dx Magnesium deficiency Malabsorption dx Osteomalacia Pancreatitis Vitamin D deficiency