Club Race Officer Training for the leader of
* Club Race Officer Training for the leader of a club race committee Session 2 Canadian Yachting Association 2 b-1 January 2009 1. 10
Ownership & Use License n The slides in this presentation are Copyright © BC Sailing 1994 – 2006 n n n This presentation is licensed by BC Sailing for use of the Canadian Yachting Association Race Management committee (CYA RMC) and for CYA certified course conductors. It may not be altered or amended without the express written permission of the CYA RMC. It must be presented in its entirety; however additional slides may be included provided they are clearly identified as such and copies of said slides sent immediately to the CYA RMC for information. This presentation may be distributed to certified CYA Course Conductors, but a fee may not be charged beyond reimbursement for the cost of the media, if any. It may not be re -distributed as part of the course resource material, except that printed handouts and notes pages may be provided to attendees for their personal use. Canadian Yachting Association 2 January 2009 1. 10
Agenda for Session 2 Review n Safety video n Course types n Course length n windward/leeward n triangle n Weather mark location n Starting line management n Canadian Yachting Association 3 January 2009 1. 10
Review – Session 1 n Our guiding principles safety n fair sailing n keep the customers satisfied n n Race committee jobs, not people n signal boat people n specialist jobs n Canadian Yachting Association 4 January 2009 1. 10
Safety Video Unexpected things can cause trouble Canadian Yachting Association 5 January 2009 1. 10
You need some gear n n n watch (digital) hand bearing compass horns & whistles GPS rule book Canadian Yachting Association n n voice recorder wool for telltales duct tape, light line sun screen 6 January 2009 1. 10
Starting the day n Get there early n n time before the start is the most valuable time in the regatta Check n n equipment, flags, other gear weather • consider postponement n communications gear • radios, cell phones, etc. n Leave the dock n n at least one hour before first day, add another half-hour Canadian Yachting Association 7 January 2009 1. 10
Locating the course n Traditional spots n watch out for too much local knowledge • favoured side, currents n n consider alternatives if visitors Fair sailing issues beaches, shoals, n commercial traffic, freighters n Canadian Yachting Association 8 January 2009 1. 10
ISPS Code – Ship security Effective July 1 2004 n Requires freighters, cruise ships and naval vessels to have a security plan n Means that courses should be set well clear n n n 200 m in an anchorage Competitors should be warned to keep away from deep sea vessels n especially cruise ships, navy Canadian Yachting Association 9 January 2009 1. 10
Course types n Windward-leeward n n Triangle n n note angles between legs Trapezoid n n several variations are used Not recommended for club racing Fixed marks islands n navigation marks n Canadian Yachting Association 10 January 2009 1. 10
Courses – other considerations * n Mark set boat resources best is one boat for each mark n use anchored pin boat if possible n n Start/finish Extended start/finish lines n separate start/finish boats n n Windward/leeward congestion gates at the bottom n offset spacer mark at the top n Canadian Yachting Association 11 January 2009 1. 10
Windward / leeward considerations n Core issues n Resources • how many boats do we have? • how many people? n Turnaround time • how many races are scheduled? • how long are the races? • is there a lunch break? or other scheduled delay? Canadian Yachting Association 12 January 2009 1. 10
Windward/leeward Canadian Yachting Association 13 * January 2009 1. 10
Windward/Leeward – Reaching Finish Canadian Yachting Association 14 * January 2009 1. 10
Windward/Leeward Gate * • At the gate Canadian Yachting Association 15 January 2009 1. 10
Triangle courses Canadian Yachting Association * 16 January 2009 1. 10
Angles between the legs • 45 degree angles Canadian Yachting Association * • 60 degree angles 17 January 2009 1. 10
Trapezoid course Canadian Yachting Association 18 January 2009 1. 10
Trapezoid course (2) n needs lots of resources n boats, marks, people difficult to reset if wind shift n not recommended for club racing n Canadian Yachting Association 19 January 2009 1. 10
Select a course n Windward/Leeward considerations passing lanes up and down n more downwind tactical sailing n fewer resources required n n Triangles n if breeze, planing opportunities for dinghies • tight spinnaker reaches for big boats n BUT: in lighter air, dinghies will cheat • rule 42 propulsion issues Canadian Yachting Association 20 January 2009 1. 10
Fixed marks n Islands is it safe? n how close can they go? n n Navigation marks is it legal? n what about permission? n protocol for vessel traffic lanes n Canadian Yachting Association 21 January 2009 1. 10
Mark rounding – port Canadian Yachting Association 22 * January 2009 1. 10
Starboard rounding Canadian Yachting Association 23 * January 2009 1. 10
Starboard rounding (2) Canadian Yachting Association 24 * January 2009 1. 10
Mark rounding – port Canadian Yachting Association 25 * January 2009 1. 10
Course types -- Review n Why windward/leeward? n n consider available resources Why triangles? what angles? n what fleets? n what wind velocities? n Canadian Yachting Association 26 January 2009 1. 10
The starting line Canadian Yachting Association 27 January 2009 1. 10
Course length n n n * How long is a race? Youth Lasers 30 – 45 min Boards 30 min Cruising classes 60 – 75 min Cats 45 – 60 min Consider: weather, time limits Who should we ask? Canadian Yachting Association 28 January 2009 1. 10
Calculate course length Figure the distance for each leg n Get the time to sail each leg n Add the times together n Work out the model for each course n Canadian Yachting Association 29 January 2009 1. 10
Weather leg length 1. 2. 3. 4. Start with the distance to the weather mark Multiply by 1. 4 to allow for tacking Assume the speed boats are sailing Figure the time in minutes Distance x 60 speed Canadian Yachting Association 30 January 2009 1. 10
Sailing the weather leg Distance sailed for the green boat and the red boat is the same Canadian Yachting Association 31 January 2009 1. 10
Distance sailed n Weather leg is 0. 8 nm n Distance sailed 1. 4 x 0. 8 = 1. 12 nm n Round it to 1. 1 nm Canadian Yachting Association 32 January 2009 1. 10
Time to sail upwind n Time formula distance x 60 = minutes speed n Time for this leg 1. 1 nm x 60 = 16 minutes 4 kn Canadian Yachting Association 33 January 2009 1. 10
Time to sail downwind Time for this leg 0. 8 nm x 60 = 4 kn 12 minutes Canadian Yachting Association 34 January 2009 1. 10
Course length – W/L * 0. 8 nm and 4 kn boatspeed Weather leg 1 16 min Downwind leg 1 12 min Weather leg 2 16 min Downwind leg 2 12 min Total time Canadian Yachting Association 56 min 35 January 2009 1. 10
Course model – W/L * 0. 8 nm and 4 kn boatspeed Weather leg 16 min Total time 56 min Course length factor 3. 5 times Factor applies no matter what distance or speed • for any windward/leeward course Canadian Yachting Association 36 January 2009 1. 10
Some times for W/L courses Weather leg factor Course length 10 min 12 min 3. 5 35 min 42 min 15 min 20 min 3. 5 Canadian Yachting Association 3. 5 52 min 70 min 3. 5 37 January 2009 1. 10
Triangle course Canadian Yachting Association * 38 January 2009 1. 10
Triangle course n Suppose: weather leg = 0. 8 nm boat speed = 4 knots n Weather leg time (same as before) 1. 1 x 60 = 16 minutes 4 Canadian Yachting Association 39 January 2009 1. 10
Distance for reaching legs * Multiply the weather leg by 0. 7 0. 8 nm x 0. 7 = 0. 56 nm round to 0. 6 nm Canadian Yachting Association 40 January 2009 1. 10
Time for the reaching legs n Reaching leg time 0. 6 x 60 = 4 8 minutes each Canadian Yachting Association 41 January 2009 1. 10
Course length – W/L + Triangle * 0. 8 nm and 4 kn boat speed weather leg 1 16 min downwind leg 12 min weather leg 2 16 min reach leg 1 8 min reach leg 2 8 min Total time 60 min Canadian Yachting Association 42 January 2009 1. 10
Course model – Triangle * 0. 8 nm and 4 kn boat speed Weather leg 16 min Total time 60 min Course length factor 4 times Notice only 4 min (6%) more than W/L Canadian Yachting Association 43 January 2009 1. 10
Time and distance n Distance sailed to weather n n Reaching length n n 1. 4 x weather leg length reach leg = 0. 7 x weather leg Time formula distance x 60 = minutes speed Canadian Yachting Association 44 January 2009 1. 10
Anchor the signal boat n n Anchor in plenty of water get lots of rode out n n n so don’t drag might be able to adjust position if shallow Mark the anchor rode if possible Canadian Yachting Association 45 January 2009 1. 10
Starting line n * Establish the wind pattern Steady n Oscillating n Progressive shift n • wait till it settles Canadian Yachting Association 46 January 2009 1. 10
Starting line – how long? 1. 25 to 1. 4 times fleet length n Sailboards need less room n Longer if windy n n n less risk of accidents Longer is better use your GPS to check the length n too long favours one end too much n Canadian Yachting Association 47 January 2009 1. 10
Starting line angle n Best is 90 degrees to the wind n n use the wind in the starting area Is one end favoured? favoured course side n current n stronger wind n n Protecting the signal boat not by adjusting the line n use dinghy, spacer buoy n Canadian Yachting Association 48 January 2009 1. 10
Adjusting the line n * 8 Stars or J/24 s n n 250 ft line with a 5 degree bias one end will be favoured by 22 ft • i. e. one or two boat lengths Canadian Yachting Association 49 January 2009 1. 10
Adjusting the line (2) * n Don’t be subtle n n (depending on the level of competitors) If current or favoured course side might have to start with 10 - 15 degrees of bias n reduce in subsequent races n Canadian Yachting Association 50 January 2009 1. 10
Adjusting the line (3) Not this! Canadian Yachting Association 51 January 2009 1. 10
Adjusting the line (4) Here’s what we’re looking for Canadian Yachting Association 52 January 2009 1. 10
Downwind starts n Running start: same as upwind n n square to the wind If not square, over-correct n competitors will head for the favoured end Canadian Yachting Association 53 January 2009 1. 10
Downwind start Canadian Yachting Association 54 January 2009 1. 10
Downwind start (2) Canadian Yachting Association 55 January 2009 1. 10
Downwind start (3) Canadian Yachting Association 56 January 2009 1. 10
Reaching start n What’s wrong with this picture? n Leeward boats will be blanketed Canadian Yachting Association 57 January 2009 1. 10
Reaching start (2) n This is likely to happen n No one wants to lose their air Canadian Yachting Association 58 January 2009 1. 10
Reaching start (3) n Must be very aggressive to move boats down the line n Every boat needs clear air Canadian Yachting Association 59 January 2009 1. 10
Weather mark Place it directly upwind n How far? n mark set team should be able to hit a specific distance n distance is based on target time n Consider different wind direction upwind n Keep the course diamond wide n Canadian Yachting Association 60 January 2009 1. 10
Weather leg A wide course diamond Canadian Yachting Association 61 January 2009 1. 10
Weather leg (2) n Wind shifts to the left n boats have less room to pass Canadian Yachting Association 62 January 2009 1. 10
Mark set – Weather mark n n After the signal boat is anchored, mark the GPS RO will give bearing and distance to the weather mark n n Go to approximate Mark 1 location n n if no GPS, use a timed run for distance do not drop until advised by RO monitor wind velocity and direction Drop the mark when advised Continue to note wind conditions every five minutes during the day Good idea to position the boat upwind of the signal boat at all times Canadian Yachting Association 63 January 2009 1. 10
Mark set – Leeward mark n Be in position at the approximate location n n discuss with RO if unsure Set marks immediately after the start of first class n or 10 minutes before the start if multi-class, so not in the way • or if inexperienced mark set crew n If gates, make rodes equal length n 8 boat lengths is good distance Canadian Yachting Association 64 January 2009 1. 10
Mark set – Starting pin n n Wait for signal boat to anchor Drop pin anchor in approximate position n n Reset to final position at 10 minutes before the start n n monitor wind, current RO will determine position Strongly recommend using a boat to display a flag instead of a mark. n determined by available resources Canadian Yachting Association 65 January 2009 1. 10
Setting reach marks n Decide on the offset angle n n 45 or 60 degrees Calculate the bearing Look back at the signal boat n add or subtract 45 or 60 degrees n Canadian Yachting Association 66 January 2009 1. 10
Starting sequence 13: 26 Laser warning 13: 27 Laser preparatory 13: 31 Prep down 13: 32 Laser start 13: 33 470 warning 13: 34 470 preparatory 13: 37 Prep down 13: 38 470 start Canadian Yachting Association 67 January 2009 1. 10
Race Officer Training End of session 2 Canadian Yachting Association 2 b-68 January 2009 1. 10
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