Cloud DNA Project Cloud Family Association July 19

Cloud DNA Project Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 2014 Cloud Family Gathering Natchitoches, LA July 19 1

The Basics • • • Take a DNA test Review matches Contact matches Examine information received Do traditional research Be patient (new people testing every day) Remember this when you get confused. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 2

76 people in the Project (July 1, 2014) Test: Family Finder Geno 2. 0 FGS HVR 1 HVR 2 Big Y Deep Clade Y-DNA 12 Y-DNA 25 Y-DNA 37 Y-DNA 67 Y-DNA 111 Type at. DNA Y-SNP, mt. DNA, at. DNA mt. DNA Y-SNP Y-STR Y-STR Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud number 15 2 6 12 9 3 66 59 55 19 6 3

A Surname Project The Cloud DNA Project is a “Surname” Project • Surname typically passed from father-to-son – patrilineal • Only men have Y-DNA and they pass it to their sons – like the surname • Y-DNA is uniquely suited to identify a paternal line • The Y-DNA signature of a man is (virtually) identical to that of his paternal ancestors and to all their male descendants, his surname-line cousins Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 4

Why use Y-DNA ? Why use Y-DNA when it excludes most ancestors? • • It is targeted and precise The best test for recent and deep ancestry It produces the most useful results It can be used with Y-DNA tests from other lines How do I research my other lines? • Get your male cousins to do Y-DNA tests • Do an autosomal test and work with the cousin matches Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 5

Y-DNA tests In our Project Y-SNP – a rare change in the DNA, defines large people groups Y-STR – a not-so-rare change in the DNA used to differentiate between family lines Test: Type number Family Finder at. DNA 15 Geno 2. 0 Y-SNP, mt. DNA, at. DNA 2 FGS mt. DNA 6 HVR 1 mt. DNA 12 HVR 2 mt. DNA 9 Big Y Y-SNP Deep Clade Y-SNP 3 Y-DNA 12 Y-STR 66 Y-DNA 25 Y-STR 59 Y-DNA 37 Y-STR 55 Y-DNA 67 Y-STR 19 Y-DNA 111 Y-STR 6 Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 6

Haplogroup Y-SNP determines “haplogroup” They are large branches of the human family Often separated by thousands of years. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 7

Human Y-DNA Phylogenetic Tree SNP Haplogroups Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 8

Human Y-DNA Phylogenetic Tree There are five (5) distinct haplogroups (family branches or “subclades”) in our project. Four shown here – the ‘R’ branch of our Project splits into two branches further down. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 9

Y Haplogroups in Project Y-Haplogroup Confirmed Predicted I-M 223 J-M 92 Q-M 3 2 1 1 1 R-P 25 R-M 269 R-P 311 R-U 106 R-L 48 R-L 47 R-Z 160 R-P 312 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 11 1 19 16 1 I – 4 people J – 1 person N – 1 person Q – 1 person R – 59 people 66 men with Y results 9 are not descended from CLOUD lines Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 10

Surname Matches Kit Haplo Earliest known No. * Country Matches 98357 I-M 223 Ruben Cloud (1799 TN) 1 USA KING, ASCHER 201410 I-M 223 Edward Cloud (1830 VA) 1 USA 0 (12 markers) 198331 J-M 92 Isom Cloud (1779 NC) 1 USA 0 N 48995 Q-M 3 Joe Cloud (1866 TX) 1 USA SCHANTZ 4 USA CLOUD, STREETER England BURNS, CLOUD, CRUNK, RATTRAY, RHINEHART, ROGOV, STANTON, etc. R-M 269 Wm Cloud (1780 SC) R-L 48, R-L 47, Z 160 Wm Cloud (1621 Eng) 55 Kit – kit number with Family Tree DNA Haplo – haplogroup (some proven with SNP, some estimated by STR) Earliest known – earliest known ancestor No. – number of people in the haplogroup * Country – earliest known -- not all verified Matches – matches in FTDNA database Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 11

Ancient Migration Routes these are best guesses based on the research of archaelogists & anthropologists who seek out and test indigenous populations around the world These cannot represent extinct people groups or groups that haven’t been tested Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 12

Haplogroup I believed to have migrated out of Africa into Scandinavia. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 13

Haplogroup J believed to have migrated out of Africa into NW Africa and Spain. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 14

Haplogroup Q believed to have migrated out of Africa into Siberia and the Americas (Siberia, Eskimo-Aluet, Indigenous Americans). Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 15

Haplogroup R is believed to have migrated out of Africa into Europe. The men in our Project are R 1 b and allegedly migrated into Western Europe. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 16

Y Haplogroup Only Those maps reflect the Y-Haplogroups only, – the direct patrilineal line – which excludes most ancestors. You have many other lines. YOU PROBABLY HAVE ANCESTORS FROM ALL CONTINENTS. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 17

HAPLOGROUPS 89% of the 66 men in our Y-Project are R 1 b and most of those are R 1 b-U 106 -> R 1 b-L 48 -> R 1 b-L 47 Haplo CLOUD not paternal CLOUDs I-M 253 1 I-M 223 2 J-M 92 1 N-M 178 1 1 Q-M 3 1 R-P 25, R-M 269 10 3 R-L 48, R-L 47, Z 160 41 3 R-M 312 Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud I – 4 people J – 1 person N – 1 person Q – 1 person R – 59 people ( Technically, the nonpaternal Clouds are not in our Project ) 2 18

Haplogroup R In our Project Cloud men in our Project in haplogroup R (51 total): Haplogroup R-P 25 R-M 269 R-P 311 R-U 106 R-L 48 R-L 47 R-Z 160 Old name R 1 b 1 a 2 a 1 a 1 a R 1 b 1 a 2 a 1 a 1 a 4 a Confirmed 2 1 1 3 1 1 Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud Predicted 7 2 • confirmed by SNP 7 • predicted by STR 26 19

NAME CONFUSION • Haplogroup names have changed • The number of SNPs is rapidly increasing • The position of the SNP in the tree can change • This resulted in a new naming convention Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 20

HAPLOGROUP NAMES Old naming convention made sense. New R 1 R-M 173 R 1 b R-M 343 R 1 b 1 R-P 25 R 1 b 1 a R-P 297 R 1 b 1 a 2 R-M 269 R 1 b 1 a 2 a R-L 23 R 1 b 1 a 2 a 1 R-L 150 The new convention is the major haplogroup followed by the SNP R 1 b 1 a 2 a 1 a R-L 51 R 1 b 1 a 2 a 1 a 1 R-P 311 For William, the haplogroup is R and the SNP is L 48 R 1 b 1 a 2 a 1 a 1 a R-U 106 R 1 b 1 a 2 a 1 a 1 a 4 R-L 48 Our “William-the-immigrant” haplogroup was previously called: R 1 b 1 a 2 a 1 a 1 a 4 SNPs changed position & new ones appeared. How to identify them then? R 1 b 1 a 2 a 1 a 1 a 4 is now R-L 48 Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 21

Cross-Reference for R subset of the cross-reference at right Example of changes over time: M 37 – R 1 b 2 R 1 b 1 c 1 R 1 b 1 b 2 a R 1 b 1 a 2 a 1 a 1 b 4 a Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 22

The R-tree is very large Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 23

Compressed tree U 106 subclades which do not apply Have been removed (A subclade is a child haplogroup) Green – confirmed for U 106 Red – negative for U 198 and L 1. L 47 Confirmed for L 47 at 23 andme – the violet line. Others are confirmed for: L 47 Z 160 ( I am Z 159+ which = Z 160 ) Z 160 U 198 - Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud L 1 - 24

The Results • Examine your matches • Contact the ones that look promising • A different haplogroup means you’re not related • A different haplogroup can be irrelevant May belong to a child haplogroup that isn’t listed • The FTDNA genetic distance estimate makes is easy Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 25

Y-STR matches Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 26

Use FTDNA matching e. Mail Tip • Use the FTDNA matching services to speed your research • Click on the Ti. P icon to see the probability of a relationship • Click on the email icon to contact the person you match Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 27

Using FTDNA Ti. P Z 160 is downstream from L 48 Very likely Jason is Z 160 also Genetic Distance Estimate Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 28

The Y-STR results Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 29

The Y-STR results Haplogroup predicted confirmed Y-STR allele values (repeats) ( DYS – DNA Y STR ) Difference defines family branch. All male descendants will have it also. • • Different haplogroups “should” mean a different family The predicted haplogroup is limited by number of markers tested The confirmed haplogroup is determined by the last SNP tested At least one man in each family group should keep up with SNP testing and enhance to next level • All these men are in the same haplogroup Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 30

The Basics • • • Take a DNA test Review matches Contact matches Examine information received Do traditional research Be patient (new people testing every day) Remember this when you get confused. Cloud Family Association – July 19, 2014 – Natchitoches, LA – Tom Cloud 31