CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM Presented by Iniekem Effanga Ph D

CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM Presented by Iniekem Effanga, Ph. D. Student Walden University Environmental Health (PUBH-8165 – 1) Instructor: Dr. Raymond Thron Winter Quarter, 2010

Learning Outcomes • Increase knowledge base of foodborne botulism in infants, young children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised • Help reduce the incidence of foodborne illness caused by Clostridium botulinum http: //www. fda. gov/Food. Safety/Foodborne. Illness. Foodborne. Patho. . .

CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM

Learning Objectives Name of the Organism: Clostridium botulinums • An anaerobic, Gram-positive, sporeforming rod that produces a potent neurotoxin • The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in foods that are incorrectly processed

Natural Reservoirs • C. botulinum and spores are widespread in the environment occurring predominantly in soils and marine sediments (USDA, 2010). • Found in sewage, aerosols, several foods and dust http: //fsrio. nal. usda. gov/nal_web/fsrio/fsheet. php? id=233

C. Botulinum

Mode of Botulism Transmission • Contaminated foods (particularly home-canned goods) • Honey (ingestion) • Dust and Aerosols http: //fsrio. nal. usda. gov/nal_web/fsrio/fsheet. php? id=233

Canned Foods

Home Canned Tomatoes

Nature of the Disease Four types of botulinum is recognized 1. Foodborne botulinum 2. Infant botulinum 3. Wound botulinum 4. Undetermined botulinum

Foodborne Botulism • The consumption of foods containing the neurotoxin produced by C. botulinum is the major cause of foodborne botulinum disease • Foodborne botulinum is a severe type of food poisoning that can be fatal if not treated immediately and properly http: //www. fda. gov/Food. Safety/Foodborne. Illness. Foodborne. Patho. . .

Food Poisoning

Botulism Symptoms • Symptoms usually appears 12 -36 hours after eating contaminated food • In rare cases, symptoms may not develop for several days http: //www. dhs. wisconsin. gov/communicable/factsheets/Botulism. Foodborne_42031_0504. . .

Treatment with Botulism Antitoxin • Equine antitoxin – Effective for treatment of wound botulism, intestinal, and foodborne – Available through CDC are the trivalent and bivalent antitoxin

Botulism Infection Control • Botulism is not transmitted from person-to-person • Foodborne botulism is not contagious • Use universal precaution when taking care of botulism patients http: //www. dhs. wisconsin. gov/communicable/factsheets/Botulism. Foodborne_42031_0504. . .

Infant Botulism • Affects infants under 12 months of age • C. botulinum spores produces toxin in the intestinal tracts of infants • Soil, cistern water, dust and foods; honey is a dietary reservoir of C. botulinum http: //www. fda. gov/Food. Safety/Foodborne. Illness. Foodborne. Patho. . .

Infant Botulism • Infants with botulism presents with: – Poor feeding – Constipation – Weak cry – Poor muscle tone known as “floppy” baby syndrome

Wound Botulism • “The illness results when C. Botulinum by itself or with other microorganisms infest a wound and produces toxins which reach other parts of the body via the blood stream” (FDA, 2010). • This is the rarest form of botulism

Undetermined Category of botulism • “This involves adults cases in which a specified food or wound source cannot be identified” (FDA, 2010). • Might result in intestinal colonization in adults, with in vivo production of toxin (FDA, 2010). http: //www. fda. gov/Food. Safety/Foodborne. Illness. Foodborne. Patho. . .

Detection methods • Critical for early and accurate serotype determination (USDA, 2010) • Administration of an appropriate antitoxin treatment http: //fsrio. nal. usda. gov/nal_web/fsrio/fsheet. php? id=233

Botulism Prevention • All canned and preserved foods must be properly processed and prepared • Home canned foods should be boiled for 10 minutes before eating • Bulging containers should not be opened http: //www. dhs. wisconsin. gov/communicable/factsheets/Botulism. Foodborne_42031_0504. . .

References: FDA. (2010). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogen microorganisms and natural toxins handbook. Retrieved from http: //www. fda. gov/Food. Safety/Foodborne. Illness. Foodborne. Patho. . . Francisco, A. M. O. , & Arnon, S. S. (2007). Clinical mimics of infant botulism. Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 119(4), 826 -828. doi: 10. 1542/peds. 2006 -0645 Jyotike, J. (2009). Toxinin a can: Eat drink better. Retrieved from http: //eatdrinkbetter. com/2009/11/11/toxin-in-a-can Schneider, Parish, Goodrich, and Cookingham (2004). Preventing foodborne illness: Clostridium botulinum. Retrieved from http: //edis. ifas. ufl. edu USDA. (2009). Pathogen and Contaminants: A focus on Clostridium botulism. Retrieved from http: //fsrio. nal. usda. gov/nal_web/fsrio/fsheet. php? id=233

References: WDHS. (2010). Botulism foodborne fact sheet: Botulism, Foodborne. Retrieved from http: //www. dhs. wisconsin. gov/communicable/factsheets/Botulism. Foodborne_42031_0504. . . WHO. (2010). Clostridium botulinum: International Programme on chemical safety poisons information monograph 858 bacteria. Retrieved from www. who. int/en/ Yule, A. M. , Barker, I. K. , Austin, J. W. , & Moccia, R. D. (2006). Toxicity of clostridium botulinum type E neurotoxin to great lakes fish: Implications for avian botulism. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 42(3), 479 -493.

Useful Resources www. foodsafety. gov www. fda. gov www. cdc. gov www. who. int http: //fsrio. nal. usda. gov www. ncbi. nlm. gov

Appreciation • Thank you for attending. I hope that you have learned from this presentation about the foodborne illness/disease, and are better informed about the causes and ways to prevent Clostridium botulism • Knowledge is power

Questions are welcomed • Please feel free to ask any questions regarding this presentation • If you have concerns and/or need clarification on the subject matter, I’ll be glad to provide you with more information