Cloning What is cloning Cloning is a process

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Cloning

Cloning

What is cloning? • Cloning is a process that can be used to produce

What is cloning? • Cloning is a process that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of an organism. • Researchers have cloned many biological materials, including genes, cell, and entire organisms.

Do clones occur naturally? • Yes. In nature, some plants and singlecelled organisms, such

Do clones occur naturally? • Yes. In nature, some plants and singlecelled organisms, such as bacteria, produce genetically identical offspring through a process called asexual reproduction.

 • Identical Twins: are produced when a fertilized egg splits, creating two or

• Identical Twins: are produced when a fertilized egg splits, creating two or more embryos that carry almost identical DNA. Identical twins have nearly the same genetic makeup as each other, but they are genetically different from either parent.

How are animals cloned? • In reproductive cloning, researchers remove a mature somatic cell,

How are animals cloned? • In reproductive cloning, researchers remove a mature somatic cell, such as a skin cell from an animal that they wish to copy. • Then transfer the DNA of the donor animal's somatic cell into an egg cell, or oocyte, that has had its own DNAcontaining nucleus removed.

 • The DNA-containing nucleus is removed from the somatic (body) cell and then

• The DNA-containing nucleus is removed from the somatic (body) cell and then injected into an empty egg cell. • An electrical current is used to fuse the two and start the process of cell division. (mitosis) • The egg is allowed to develop into an early -stage embryo in the test-tube and then is implanted into the womb of an adult female animal. • Adult female gives birth to an animal that has the same genetic make up as the animal that donated the somatic cell.

What was Dolly? • Dolly the sheep was successfully cloned in Britain in 1996

What was Dolly? • Dolly the sheep was successfully cloned in Britain in 1996 by the scientist “Ian Wilmut” and was put down in February 2003 after developing a lung infection and arthritis. • Dolly the sheep became the first vertebrate cloned from the cell of an adult animal.

Dolly with her foster mother

Dolly with her foster mother

The Biotechnology of Reproductive Cloning

The Biotechnology of Reproductive Cloning