Cloning Greek klon twig cuttings from one original

Cloning • Greek klon = twig (cuttings from one original plant) • Cell cultures: cell multiplication by cell division (mitosis) • Identical twins -- e. g.

Dolly was born 5 July 1996 to three mothers (one provided the egg, another the DNA and a third carried the cloned embryo to term). She lived for 6 years

Animals that have been cloned # 1 Carp # 2 Cat # 3 Cattle # 4 Deer # 5 Dog # 6 Ferret # 7 Frog (tadpole) # 8 Fruit Flies # 9 Gaur # 10 Goat # 11 Horse # 12 Mice # 13 Mouflon # 14 Mule # 15 Pig # 16 Pyrenean ibex # 17 Rabbit # 18 Rat # 19 Rhesus Monkey # 20 Sheep # 21 Water Buffalo # 22 Wolf

Star Wars Episode II: The Attack of the Clones

Star Wars Episode II: The Attack of the Clowns

Therapeutic Cloning Theory (not fact)

Two Types of Cloning and Important Terminology 1. Reproductive -- bringing a ‘clone’ to full term for the purpose of reproducing a good ‘specimen’ or for body parts, breeding, etc. Obviously, the vast majority of people are against this. 2. Therapeutic Cloning -- conceiving a clone (human life) for the purpose of destroying it -- in particular, to draw out of stem cells at the beginning stage of life. Totipotent – Capable of giving origin to all the cell types in the organism, person, e. g. , fertilized egg developing into a whole organism

Mind/Brain Manipulation

Master Chief Genetically engineered soldier in Halo 3

Cautionary Tales: “Smart” Machines of the Future

Total Recall (1990) • In an era when it has become scientifically feasible to implant false memories directly into a person's mind, wipe out a previous identity, and create a fictitious personae so real that the subject believes it to be genuine, how does one know what is and what isn't authentic? This is the question that Douglas Quaid (Arnold Schwarzenegger), and, to a lesser extent, the audience, must ponder. How much of his life is real? How many of his memories actually happened and which ones have been manufactured?

Jake Sully, a former U. S. Marine who was wounded and paralyzed from the waist down in combat on Earth. Jake is selected to participate in the Avatar program, which will enable him to walk. On Pandora, through his Avatar body, Jake will be able to walk again.

What happens if we really start doing things like this?

Raëlians • Raëlians are UFO-cult members who follow Claude Vorilhon, a Frenchman and former motor sport journalist and race-car driver who calls himself Raël. • Raël claims that on December 13, 1973, he saw a UFO "7 meters in diameter made of a very shiny silver metal and moving in a total silence. "

The Messenger • Raël says a radiant being emerged and entrusted him with a message revealing the true origin of mankind. • They told him that henceforth he would be known as Raël, which means "messenger. "

Cloning & Immortality • Raël believes that cloning is the way to immortality. • Raël: our alien creators want us to be beautiful and enjoy a sensuous life, free from the restrictions of traditional Judeo-Christian morality

Should the Raelians be allowed to clone human beings? • Moral question: – Is it ethical to clone a human? • Public policy question: – Should the law allow the cloning of humans?

“All the Reasons to Clone Human Beings” by Simon Smith How would you respond to each of these? • Medical breakthroughs - Human cloning technology is expected to result in several miraculous medical breakthroughs. We may be able to cure cancer if cloning leads to a better understanding of cell differentiation. Theories exist about how cloning may lead to a cure for heart attacks, a revolution in cosmetic surgery, organs for organ transplantation, and predictions abound about how cloning technology will save thousands of lives. • Medical tragedies - Many people have suffered accidental medical tragedies during their lifetimes. Read about a girl who needs a kidney, a burn victim, a girl born with cosmetic deformities, a man who needs a liver, a woman who is infertile because of cancer, and a father who lost his only son. All these people favor cloning and want the science to proceed. • To cure infertility - The current options for infertile couples are painful, expensive, and heart-breaking. Cloning has the potential to change the world for infertile couples almost overnight.

• To fund research - A boy graduates from high school at age 18. He goes to a pool party to celebrate. He confuses the deep end and shallow end and dives head first into the pool, breaking his neck and becoming a quadriplegic. He suffers chronic unbearable pain. At age 21 he inherits a 10 million dollar trust fund. He never marries or has children. At age 40 after hearing about Dolly being a clone, he changes his will and has his DNA stored for future human cloning. His future mother will be awarded one million dollars to have him and raise him. His DNA clone will inherit a trust fund. He dies feeling that although he was robbed of normal life, his twin/clone will lead a better life. • Bad parents - Did your parents destroy your life? Were they alcoholic, child-beating molesters? Did you never have a chance? Interestingly, human cloning allows you the opportunity to participate in choosing the parents for your clone. • A Child's right to be better than its parents - It's been suggested that parents have a duty to see that their children have better lives than they do. This may mean making our children live longer, helping them to be resistant to cancer, heart disease, any familial diseases, and all the other problems that can be cured using what we learn from human cloning technology.

• Economics - Countries that fail to research human cloning will suffer economically. (China is aggressively pursuing cloning -- not mentioned in his article). • Homosexual couples - From one of our readers: "gay couples go through so much. . . not to mention all the controversy. . . when they decide that they are ready for a baby. People question their right to bring a child that technically isn't related to them into a lifestyle that falls below societies views of normal. . . human cloning could allow two gay men to take 23 chromosomes from each male and put them into a single egg to truly have a baby of their own. Also two gay women could use this technology to conceive a child of their own using their individual 23 chromosomes. ” (theory) • Randy Wicker, Homosexual activist writes: "The right to single parenthood is much larger than simply a gay rights issue. It is a universal human rights issue. Cloning breaks heterosexuality's traditional monopoly on reproduction. It empowers every human being with a reproductive capacity. . Cloning redefines the entire concept of family. ”

• To be a better parent - Human cloning can improve the parent-child relationship. Raising a clone would be like having a child with an instruction manual. You would have a head start on the needs and talents of your child. We would have a head start on understanding the genetic component of a cloned child. • You want your clone to lead the life that was meant to be yours - The Human Cloning Foundation has been surprised by the number of people that write to say that they would like to have a clone so that it may lead the life that was meant to be theirs. Some see this life as a sacrifice so that the life of their clone may be enriched. • To have a better sense of identity - If we had some information about ourselves, perhaps we could sooner or better discovery who we are. A clone would have access to a tremendous amount of information about his or her parent that could greatly help in understanding one's psyche and physical attributes. All of this information could provide a better sense of identity.

• To make a future couple financially secure - With human cloning you could give a couple in the future both a child from your DNA and the financial assets from your lifetime to start out financially secure instead of struggling as most couples do now. • Because you believe in freedom - Freedom sometimes means having tolerance for others and their beliefs. In America, some people believe gun control and some don't. Some people believe in one religion and others in another. In a free society we know that we must tolerate some views that we don't agree with so that we all may be free. For this reason human cloning should be allowed.

10 Arguments Against Cloning 1. 2. 3. 4. Cloning is against the dignity of the human person It separates the unitive and procreative act (like IVF). It is unethical for us to design children. Most would agree that it is egotistical for someone to clone him/herself. 5. Cloning someone to harvest his/her organs or cells is unethical – using them as a means to our end. 6. A clone is not a potential or possible life -- but is a life that simply has the potential to grow.

Arguments against Cloning 7. Even if we were to clone someone, that person would be different in essential ways from the original copied individual. 8. Cloning is analogous to slavery -- treating a class of human beings as a lower caste/class in order to use them for our benefit. 9. We should not do everything we can do (genocide, torture, etc. ). 10. We do not have a ‘right to clone’ anymore than we have a ‘right’ to commit other crimes -- murder, stealing, etc.

Therapeutic Cloning Theory (not fact)

“I hear that the Church is against stem cell research. ” Answer: “Wrong” One of the biggest misconceptions about stem-cell research is that the Catholic Church opposes it. The Church, in fact, supports five of the six types of stem cells. 1) Adult stem-cell research, involving the growth of stem cells from the patient's own tissue or that of another living donor. 2) Umbilical Cord Blood: Stem cells developed from umbilical cord blood or placentas after a delivery is completed. 3) Miscarriages: Cells from fetal tissue derived from miscarriages (also called spontaneous abortions), as long as the parents give informed consent. 4) Wisdom teeth: Cells from wisdom teeth can be stored and used now. This is, of course, ethical (next slide). 5) i. PS – Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells – Scientists are able now to rewind a cell to make it act like a pluripotent cell – The Church is not against this, as it does not destroy human life 6) Embryonic Stem Cells: Only the use of embryonic stem cells is morally unacceptable because it involves the killing of a human being.

Church Teaching A light in the darkness • The position of the Catholic Church. – The Magesterium: Every possible act of cloning humans is intrinsically evil. – Cardinal William Keeler • "Cloning is wrong because they have human dignity, and deserve to come into the world in ways that respect this dignity. " • "Each child has a right to be conceived and born as the fruit of a loving union between husband wife, to be loved and accepted as a new and distinct individual. ”

"The transmission of human life is entrusted by nature to a personal and conscious act and as such is subject to the all-holy laws of God: immutable and inviolable laws which must be recognized and observed. Finally, a child has the right to be born. Each of us has the responsibility of guarding these rights for the defenseless child. Never must we slip into thinking that anyone has the right to a child at any cost, or that a child is like a piece of property to be had ("Donum Vitae, " II, 8).

Church Teaching • — Procedures designed to influence the genetic inheritance of a child, which are not therapeutic, are morally wrong. To try to correct a genetic disorder, such as cystic fibrosis, is morally permissible, whereas to manipulate the genetic structure to produce human beings selected by sex or some other quality is wrong. Attempts to produce a "breed" of humans through cloning, twin fission, or parthenogenesis outside the context of marriage or parenthood is immoral. These manipulations violate the personal dignity of the human being and attack his integrity and identity. (Donum Vitae, I, 6. ) A Light in the Darkness

• — Any production of human beings for the sake of experimentation, research, or the harvesting of organs is morally wrong. Such actions reduce a human being to simply disposable biological material. (Donum Vitae, I, 5. ) • — Any medical research or observation which jeopardizes the health or life of the unborn child is morally wrong. (Donum Vitae, I, 5. )

Genetically Modified Foods