Clinically Relevant Functional Neuroanatomy 2 Neuroanatomy of Memory
- Slides: 45
Clinically Relevant Functional Neuroanatomy 2: Neuroanatomy of Memory Russell M. Bauer, Ph. D. University of Florida, USA Vivian Smith Summer Institute 23 June, 2006
The Three Amnesias Russell M. Bauer, Ph. D. (DON’T BELIEVE H IS LIES)
Multiple Forms of Memory
The Human Amnesic Syndrome • Impaired new learning (anterograde amnesia), exacerbated by increasing retention delay • Impaired recollection of events learned prior to onset of amnesia (retrograde amnesia), often in temporally graded fashion • Not limited to one sensory modality or type of material • Normal IQ, attention span, “nondeclarative” forms of memory
Integrated Circuitry Linking Temporal, Diencephalic, and Basal Forebrain Regions
Medial Temporal Syndromes • Anoxic-hypoxic syndromes – cardiac arrest – CO poisoning • Amnesia associated with ECT • CNS Infections (Herpes) • MTS and complex-partial epilepsy (material -specific) • Early AD
Temporal Lobe Pathology Associated with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
The Case of Henry M (H. M. )
Bauer, Grande, & Valenstein, 2003
Two Limbic Circuits Anterior Thalamus Cingulate Gyrus Dorsomedial Thalamus Mamillothalamic Tract Mammilary Bodies Fornix Hippocampus Medial (Papez) Orbitofrontal Amygdalofugal pathways Uncus Amygdala Lateral
CA 3 CA 1 DG subic
Bauer, Grande, & Valenstein, 2003
Delayed Nonmatching to Sample
Delayed Nonmatching to Sample, multiple trials, trial-unique objects
6 -8 weeks postsurgery 2 years postsurgery
Anterior Zola-Morgan & Squire, 1990 Posterior
Bauer, Grande, & Valenstein, 2003
Zola-Morgan & Squire, 1990
Murray & Richmond, Curr Opin Neurobiol, 2001 -perirhinal cortex obviously important in memory, but also apparently important in fine-grained visual discrimination
Two Limbic Circuits and the Two-system theory of amnesia Anterior Thalamus Cingulate Gyrus Dorsomedial Thalamus Mamillothalamic Tract Mammillary Bodies Orbitofrontal Amygdalofugal pathways Fornix Uncus Hippocampus Amygdala PRPH Medial (Papez) Lateral
Diencephalic Syndromes • Korsakoff Syndrome associated with ETOH abuse or malabsorption – prominent encoding deficits – role of frontal pathology • Vascular disease • Thalamic trauma
Mamillary Body Lesions in a case of Korsakoff’s Disease
Lesion Profile in a Case of Thalamic Amnesia
Graff-Radford, et al, 1990
Two Limbic Circuits and the Two-system theory of amnesia Anterior Thalamus Cingulate Gyrus Dorsomedial Thalamus Mamillothalamic Tract Mammillary Bodies Fornix Hippocampus Medial (Papez) Orbitofrontal Amygdalofugal pathways Uncus Amygdala Lateral
Basal Forebrain Syndromes • Anterior Communicating Artery (ACo. A) infarctions – prominent anterograde, variable retrograde amnesia – prominent confabulation – frontal extension of lesions • Basal forebrain and cholinergic projections to hippocampus
Two Limbic Circuits Anterior Thalamus Cingulate Gyrus Dorsomedial Thalamus Mamillothalamic Tract Mammillary Bodies Fornix Hippocampus Medial (Papez) Orbitofrontal Amygdalofugal pathways Uncus Amygdala Lateral
Two Limbic Circuits Anterior Thalamus Cingulate Gyrus Dorsomedial Thalamus Mamillothalamic Tract Mammillary Bodies Fornix Hippocampus Medial (Papez) Orbitofrontal Amygdalofugal pathways Uncus Amygdala Lateral Bauer, Grande, & Valenstein, 2003
Encoding • Definition: process of transforming to-be remembered in formation into memorable and retrievable form – Encoding I: bringing information-processing capacity to bear on stimuli – Encoding II: ability to use the results of E-1 mnemonically • Relevance: levels-of-processing accounts of memory (memory as by-product of information processing) • Clinical manifestation: poor immediate (superspan) recall
Consolidation/Storage • definition: process of making new memories permanent • basis: anatomic and physiological changes at cellular level; hippocampal system important • when? during study-test interval • duration: hours? days? years? • clinical symptom: delayed memory << immediate memory (forgetting)
Retrieval • definition: process of locating, selecting, and activating a memory representation • basis: re-enactment of pattern of excitation occurring at encoding • when? at point of test • clinical symptom: recall << recognition (also true of shallow encoding), inconsistent errors
Key Points • Extended memory system including hippocampus, amygdala, and basal forebrain • We (basically) understand anatomy, now we need to understand computation • Notion of distinct subtypes of amnesia generally less favorable now than 10 years ago • Certain structures are ‘wired’ for associational processing; these structures are reciprocally connected to cortical processors
- Kussmaul sign
- How to measure jvp clinically
- How to measure jvp
- Non functional plasma enzyme
- Enzymes
- Functional and non functional
- Semi fixed space maintainer
- Virtual memory in memory hierarchy consists of
- Virtual memory and cache memory
- Episodic memory vs semantic memory
- Primary memory and secondary memory
- Eidetic memory vs iconic memory
- Difference between implicit and explicit memory
- Logical memory is broken into
- Symmetric shared memory architecture
- Long term memory vs short term memory
- Which memory is the actual working memory?
- Internal memory and external memory
- Decision making and relevant information
- Relevant cash flow
- Pedagogy meaning
- Prefetching relevant priors
- Contoh relevant range
- Decision making and relevant information
- Relevant evidence in writing
- Litreature
- Decision making and relevant information
- Bible is relevant
- Defining and refining the problem
- Incremental working capital
- Relevant cost in management accounting
- Ecological fallacy
- Teacher work sample contextual factors
- Relevant cost for decision making solution chapter 13
- Affirm the antecedent
- Indorama
- Relevant cost adalah
- Is the constitution still relevant
- Pico question pediatric oncology
- Relevant circumstances adalah
- Culturally responsive vs culturally relevant
- Crisis managment plan
- Northern optical ordinarily sells the x-lens for $50
- Genghis khan mbti
- Decision making and relevant information
- Within the relevant range, variable costs are expected to