CLIMATOLOGY METEOROLOGY SEM V LECTURE 1 KEY CONCEPTS

CLIMATOLOGY & METEOROLOGY SEM V, LECTURE 1 KEY CONCEPTS IN CLIMATOLOGY & METEOROLOGY COURSE INSTRUCTOR: MS. NAUSHEEN MAZHAR

OUTLINE: • Introduction to climatology and meteorology • Differences b/w both fields • Properties of climate • A brief history of climatology • A brief history of meteorology • Scales in climatology • Fundamental sub-divisions of climatology

DIFFERENCES B/W CLIMATOLOGY & METEOROLOGY CLIMATOLOGY METEOROLOGY Study of climate, average of atmospheric conditions over a longer period of time Study of current atmospheric conditions (weather) Focuses on larger areas eg. (continents) Focuses on small areas Climate is relatively stable Weather changes frequently Climate is average of 30 years Changes from few hours to few weeks Forecasts by aggregation of weather statistics Forecasts by collecting meteorological studies, like temp, humidity, pressure etc.

CLIMATOLOGY • Is the study of atmospheric conditions over periods of time measured in years or longer • (John E. Oliver, Johm J. Hidore, 2011) • Climatology may be described as the scientific study of the behavior of the atmosphere • (Robert V. Rohli)

• It includes the study of all kinds of weather that occurs at a place • It can be said it is partly meteorology and partly geography

Earth-ocean-atmosphere system? ?

• • • Derived from greek word Klima and logos… • • • . . over many different time scales “slope and study” Modern climatology seeks to explain nature of atmosphere from location to location Also explains why particular attributes occur and change over time Also to assess the potential impacts of those changes on natural and social systems

METEOROLOGY • Is the science that deals with the motion and phenomenon of the atmosphere • Aim is to both forecast weather & explain the processes involved. . • Rohli… study of weather… the overall instantaneous condition of the atmosphere at a certain place and time

• It is described through the direct properties…such as: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Temperature Precipitation Humidity Wind direction Wind speed Cloud cover Cloud type measurement of particular atmospheric

• Specific measurements of atmospheric properties • & discussion of weather centers in short duration time intervals • Time span few days at the most

PROPERTIES OF CLIMATE 1 Normals: Average weather conditions at a place 2 Extremes: Maximum and minimum measurements of the atmospheric variables that can be expected to occur at a place at a certain time & place … …. that can be expected to occur at a place based on long period of observation

3 FREQUENCIES • Rate of incidence of a particular phenomenon at a particular place over a long period of time • Imp for risk assessment, engineering and agricultural applications