Climate Change Ph D Teodora Grncarovska Obradovic State

Climate Change Ph. D. Teodora Grncarovska Obradovic State Counselor for Climate Change

Basic facts • Its gross domestic product (GDP) totals EUR 7. 7 billion and GDP per capita is EUR 3, 737. • The level of greenhouse gas emissions per capita in Macedonia is approximately 30% lower than the EU-28 average. • The energy sector generates by far the largest share of GHG emissions, with fossil fuels, primarily coal, accounting for over 80% of total energy demand. • The share of renewable energy in total energy demand has increased from 10% in 2012 to 15% in 2015. Total energy required per unit of GDP in Macedonia is around four times higher than the average of European developed countries.

Basic facts • Analysis of the multi-year variation of the mean annual temperature shows that in the most recent 20 years (1994 - 2012) the mean annual temperature has been constantly higher than the multi-year average. • It is probable that there will be a continuous increase in temperature in the period 2025– 2100; Compared with the period 1961– 1990, the predicted changes for the period 2025 -2100 will be most intense in the warmest period of the year; It is possible that the average monthly temperatures at the turn of winter into spring will be levelled in this period; A decrease in precipitation is predicted in the period 2025– 2100, in all seasons and at the annual level, with the maximum decrease in the summer season.

Status overview § § § Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as a non-Annex I country, 1997 Party to the Kyoto Protocol without a quantified emissions limits and reduction commitment (QELRC), 2004 Acceded to the Copenhagen Accord by submitting a list of nonquantified mitigation actions, 2009 Climate change issues are incorporated into the Law on Environment, 2005 Macedonian Intended Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris agreement submitted in 2015 as 21 st country in the world

Status overview § § The National Assembly ratified the Paris Agreement in November 2017 Contracting Party of En. C Doha Amendment to the UNFCCC, ratified in July 2019 Kigali Amendment –in a process of ratification

Reporting National Communication on Climate Change • • The First (submitted in 2003) The Second (submitted in 2008) The Third (submitted in 2014) The Fourth –to be started Biennial update report on climate change • First (FBUR) (submitted in 2015 as a 11 th country in the world) • Second (SBUR) (adopted by the Go. M in January 2018) • Third (TBUR) -started GHG Inventory • • National inventory report (2006) National inventory report (2013) National inventory report (2014) National inventory report (2019 -in progress)

Summary of UN and EU reporting requirements Annex I Party Non Annex I Party Macedonia GHG Inventory Requirements Frequency Coverage Standards Methods GHG inventory submitted in electronic format Submit annual inventories to the UNFCCC in an No set frequency; can be submitted in hard as part of the National Communication or Biennial Update Reports. electronic format. copy. Upon availability of resources Trends in emissions of the six primary GHGs 1, from Trends in emissions for CO 2, CH 4, and N 2 O 1990 to the most recent year for which data is only, with estimates for other gases encouraged but not required from 1990 or available; includes sectoral background data. 1994 for the first inventory and 2000 or Kyoto inventory systems have additional structural later for the second; sectoral background detail. data is not required. Use both the IPCC Guidelines and Good Practice Guidance and thoroughly document emissions estimation methods and data sources. Generally adopt higher-tier methods Use IPCC Guidelines; use of the Good Practice Guidance encouraged but not required. Documentation of methodologies is encouraged. Generally adopt lower-tier methods Subject to annual review by expert teams following agreed upon review guidelines. At least once every five years, inventory systems are subject to a more detailed in-country review. Review Parties to the Kyoto Protocol are subject to more rigorous review, and if review teams determine a Party’s inventory report or system is deficient, the Party may be judged to be out of compliance and No subject to review Annex I like Trends in emissions of the six primary GHGs are reported for 1990 -2012, including the sectoral background data. Annex I like The 2006 IPCC Guidelines and Good Practice Guidance used for reporting; Emissions estimation methods and data sources are thoroughly documented. Annex I like Higher-tier methods are generally adopted. Annex I like Voluntary review by experts under the National Communication Supporting Programme (NCSP) conducted. Tends to Annex I like

Summary of UN and EU reporting requirements Annex I Party Non Annex I Party Macedonia National Communications, BURs, and Mitigation Action Requirement NC Frequency Submitted every five years NC Content No specified frequency National Communications include a description of each mitigation policy and measure, organized by Encouraged but not required to report on mitigation sector and gas. Description includes status, policies and measures. implementing body, and, if possible, estimated effect on emissions to date and in the future. Voluntary, submitted every five years Tends to Annex I like National Communications include a description of each mitigation policy and measure, organized by sector and gas. Tends to Annex I like First one in December 2014, than every two years BR/BUR Frequency First one on 1 January 2014, then every two years Content BR/BUR Outline progress in achieving emission reductions and GHG inventory not more than four years old the provision of financial, technology and capacity. Information on mitigation actions building support to non-Annex I Parties. GHG Inventory from 1990 -2012 Information on mitigation actions Actions Subject to binding national emissions targets, and international monitoring and reporting requirements None to verify the achievement of these targets Voluntary international monitoring and reporting requirements Steps towards Annex I like First one in December 2014, then every two years Annex I like Steps towards Annex I like National Communications are also subject to Review of NC international expert review, conducted in accordance Not subject to review with internationally-agreed guidelines Not subject to review Non Annex I Review of BR/BUR Process of international consultation and analysis (ICA) Non Annex I Subject to international expert review, conducted in Process of international consultation and analysis accordance with internationally-agreed guidelines. (ICA)

Increasing ambitions • The analysis of the values of carbon dioxide emissions in the energy sector for 1990 in the NDC and in the draft text of the country's energy strategy unambiguously shows an increased level of target, and if, by 2030, the carbon dioxide emissions (according to the national submission) increase by 31% or by 20% (at a higher level of ambition), compared to the 1990 emission levels, in the draft energy strategy they are reduced by 24% or by 60% by 2040 compared to the 1990 emission level • If the additionally analyzed measures in the sectors such as transport, waste management, agriculture, forestry and land use change are added it can be concluded that the state has a genuine plan to increase its national commitments.

Work with the GCF • The Government is finishing up the first readiness to engage with the Green Climate Fund. • It finalized the coordination and prioritization mechanisms for climate related funding proposals, and through the second readiness support, it will develop a country program and pipeline of projects to be submitted to the Green Climate Fund. • Furthermore, the national designated authority will work on private sector engagement for climate related proposals and develop innovative solutions in cooperation with the Fund for Innovation to tackle climate change mitigation and adaptation.

CBIT • Objective: To meet enhanced transparency requirements as defined in Article 13 of the Paris Agreement by strengthening institutional and technical capacity for measuring and reporting on emissions, mitigation and adaptation activities, and support received. • Component 1: Institutional Capacity Strengthening for MRV • Component 2: Training and tools for activities conducted under Article 13 • Component 3: Institutional arrangements for data collection, analysis and reporting

Integrated Energy and Climate Plans • Work initiated • Supported by GIZ • Working group on 5 different dimensions identified • The Princip of broad stakeholder involvement will be followed

IPA project on preparation of Law and Long-term strategy on Climate Action-purpose • To carry out the necessary analyses of the current situation and conditions and assessments in preparation of the long-term Strategy and the Law on Climate Action, and in support of the adoption and implementation. • To establish a strong and sustainable framework for coordinating climate action by development the national strategic and legal framework for climate action through the long-term Strategy and Law on Climate Action (Law), including the Action Plan for the initial phase of implementation. • To establish the monitoring mechanism of GHG emissions in line with the EU Monitoring Mechanism Regulation No 525/2013 and its implementing provisions • To strengthen the administrative capacity in line with EU accession in achieving low carbon competitive economy and climate resilient society/economy. • To raise awareness on climate action, support the stakeholders’ consultations and facilitate interministerial and inter-sectoral cooperation on the Strategy and Law.

Goals Full transposition and implementation of the climate acquies Achieving low-carbon economy Achieving climate “resilient” society

SDG 13 v. s National long-term goals

Further steps § Working on governance-putting in place the appropriate institutional structures and processes to drive and coordinate climate action and to engage key stakeholders. § Working on transparency framework, system to track implementation § Working on climate financing framework § Building new and strengthening of existing administrative capacities of all relevant stakeholders in terms of fulfillment of the obligations under the new climate law § Adoption of an energy strategy and development of a integrated energy and climate plans in line with the En. C guidelines § Revision/updating on NDC with increase ambition (aassessment of an IND+)? ? ? § Development of Pipeline of projects to the GCF with coordination mechanism in place § Integration on SDG 13 with other relevant SDGs (SDG 4, SDG 9, SDG 12)

Thank you for your attention Dr. Teodora O. Grncarovska, State Counselor on Climate Change, Mo. EPP www. klimatskipromeni. mk www. moepp. gov. mk http: //grncarovska. com