Click Biology Cambridge IGCSE Biology Extended Level Cells

Click. Biology Cambridge IGCSE Biology Extended Level Cells Click. Biology

You should be able to: • Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells, and describe the functions of their parts. • Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells. • Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell, muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells. • Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples. Click. Biology

A section through a liver cell (animal cell): cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell cytoplasm metabolic (chemical) reactions occur here nucleus contains the DNA and so controls the cell DNA contains the coded instructions to make proteins Click. Biology

Section through a palisade cell of a leaf (plant cell) cell membrane nucleus chloroplast large sap vacuole cellulose cell wall cytoplasm Click. Biology

You should be able to: • Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells, and describe the functions of their parts. • Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells. • Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell, muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells. • Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples. Click. Biology

Comparing animal and plant cells Found in both animal and plant cells Found only in plant cells cell membrane cellulose cell wall nucleus large sap vacuole cytoplasm chloroplast Click. Biology

You should be able to: • Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells, and describe the functions of their parts. • Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells. • Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell, muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells. • Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples. Click. Biology

Red blood cells transport oxygen cell surface membrane cytoplasm contains no nucleus allows more room for haemoglobin cytoplasm contains haemoglobin is a protein which carries the oxygen molecules bi-concave disc shape increases surface area over which absorption of oxygen can occur Click. Biology

Muscle cells contract and enable movement of the body muscle Muscle cells have many nuclei cell surface membrane The strands of protein slide over each other making the muscle cell (fibre) shorter and causing the muscle to contract nucleus protein strands Click. Biology

Ciliated cells move bacteria and dust away from the lungs cilia Cilia are small extensions of the cell. They beat rhythmically to sweep mucus, which has trapped bacteria and dust, away from the lungs nucleus magnification X 3000 Click. Biology

Xylem vessels transport water and minerals up the plant xylem vessels are continuous tubes xylem vessel no cytoplasm hollow: allows for continuous flow of water and dissolved mineral ions lignin water-proof and strong; helps support the plant cross-section longitudinal section Click. Biology

Root hair cells absorb minerals and water from the soil Cross-section of a root hair cell cytoplasm contains no chloroplasts as no photosynthesis is needed cell membrane semi-permeable, so will allow water and mineral ions into the cell root hair increases surface area for absorption of water and mineral ions Click. Biology

You should be able to: • Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells, and describe the functions of their parts. • Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells. • Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell, muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells. • Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples. Click. Biology

A tissue is a group of cells of similar structure that perform a shared function Tissues found in the leaf upper epidermal tissue Animal tissues: muscle tissue palisade mesophyll tissue spongy mesophyll tissue nervous tissue lower epidermal tissue Cross-section of a leaf Click. Biology

An organ is a structure made of a group of tissues working together to perform specific functions heart stomach lungs liver brain kidneys Plant organs include the stem and the leaves Click. Biology

An organ system is a group of organs that coordinate to perform related functions lymphatic system digestive system respiratory system reproductive system excretory system skeletal system muscular system endocrine system nervous system circulatory system In plants the shoot is an organ system consisting of leaves and the stem Click. Biology

Levels of organisation cell nerve cell smallest tissue nervous tissue organ systems brain nervous system organism Homo sapiens largest Click. Biology

Now you should be able to: • Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells, and describe the functions of their parts. • Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells. • Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell, muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells. • Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples. Click. Biology

Now write down everything you remember from the presentation • Don’t refer to your text book straight away, see what information you have retained. • Check the notes you have made by checking your book. Click. Biology

Edexcel AS Level Biology Click. Biology Next video: Transport into and out of the cell (diffusion, osmosis and active transport) Click. Biology