Clear Cole American Corrections 6 th Clear Cole

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Race, Ethnicity, and Corrections Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“race” u definition traditionally, a biological concept used to distinguish humankind into categories related to skin color & other physical features Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“ethnicity” definition u concept used to distinguish people according to their cultural characteristics-language, religion, & group traditions uethnicity can be used to further distinguish not only among white individuals, but among African Americans, as well. uit can also be used to even further subdivide Hispanics. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

crime, race & ethnicity by the numbers u fact: men of color, especially young men, are disproportionately locked up in U. S. prisons & jails, or otherwise under control of the criminal justice system in America: 1/2 U. S. prison population is black men are 7 times more likely than whites to have been incarcerated at some time in prison n 1 in 3 black men in their 20 s is under correctional supervision in U. S. n 56% of young black men in Baltimore… n 50% of black men 18 -35 in D. C. n n Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

race/ethnicity of US inmates Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

incarceration rate of males, number of men incarcerated per 100, 000 of each group by racial/ethnic group Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

% of black men in prison % of black men in U. S. prisons vs. in general population vs. in U. S. population Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“disparity” u definition the inequality of treatment of one group (compared to the treatment accorded other groups) by the criminal justice system udisparity may be based on legal (eg, criminal record) or illegal, or improper, (eg, race) grounds Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“discrimination” definition u differential treatment of groups without reference to an individual’s behavior or qualifications Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Explanations of racial disparity in criminal justice alternative views: why men of color are disproportionately represented in criminal justice system query: does disparity in criminal justice system amount to discrimination? differential criminality racist criminal justice system racist society they do more (serious) crimes, with more serious prior records, other characteristics warranting prison Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“self-report study” definition u an investigation of behavior (like criminal activity) based on subjects’ responses to questions concerning their involvement in those activities Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

% of men & women in US. who admitted committing various offenses, 1947 self-reported crime, by gender Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

U. S. children in poverty, % of U. S. children of each race/ethnicity by race/ethnicity Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Explanations of racial disparity in criminal justice alternative views: why men of color are disproportionately represented in criminal justice system query: does disparity in criminal justice system amount to discrimination? differential criminality racist criminal justice system they do more (serious) crimes, with more serious prior records, other characteristics warranting prison incremental decisions all across criminal justice system work to their disadvantage; but no obvious racism racist society Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

race of suspect comparison of UCR (arrests) & NCVS (victims’ perception of offender) vs. race of arrestee (rape) Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

race of suspect comparison of UCR (arrests) & NCVS (victims’ perception of offender) vs. race of arrestee (robbery) Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

race of suspect comparison of UCR (arrests) & NCVS (victims’ perception of offender) vs. race of arrestee (agg. assault) Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

race of suspect comparison of UCR (arrests) & NCVS (victims’ perception of offender) vs. race of arrestee (simple assault) Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Explanations of racial disparity in criminal justice alternative views: why men of color are disproportionately represented in criminal justice system query: does disparity in criminal justice system amount to discrimination? differential criminality racist criminal justice system racist society they do more (serious) crimes, with more serious prior records, other characteristics warranting prison incremental decisions all across criminal justice system work to their disadvantage; but no obvious racism criminal justice system is simply a reflection of racism in American society Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

evidence of broader racism u crack cocaine (used in greater proportion by inner-city people of color) is punished 100 times more severely (by federal sentencing guidelines) than its virtually identical white-powder equivalent (used in greater proportion by white offenders) u stronger association between unemployment rates & imprisonment rates than between crime rates & imprisonment rates u relationship between racism & Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

social significance of race and punishment u opportunity individuals n n costs for minority cannot be earning a living cannot be attending school cannot be parenting cannot be voting and partaking of “free” society u opportunity costs for minority communities alienation of entire generation of young adults from involvement & commitment to larger society n social disruption, due to absence of major segment of its adult population n generalized suspicion of criminal n Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th