CLEANSED LIFE 2014 2015 Project LIFE 12 ENVIT000652

CLEANSED LIFE + (2014 -2015) Project LIFE 12 ENV/IT/000652 Innovative integrated methodology for the use of decontaminated river sediments in plant nursing and road building Carlos García Izquierdo. CEBAS-CSIC (PARTNER) PARTNER CSIC (CEBAS-CSIC)

OUR INSTITUT: CEBAS-CSIC Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura CEBAS-CSIC (Murcia, Spain) CEBAS CAMPUS UNIVERSITARIO CSIC

Facilities (CEBAS-CSIC) PILOT PLANT CULTURE CHAMBERS CEBAS LABORATORIES EXOERIMENTAL FIELD

CLEANSED (LIFE+) CEBAS-CSIC (CLEANSED) Dr. Carlos Garcia Dra. Teresa Hernández Dr. J. Moreno Dr. Felipe Bastida Lda. Mª Dolores Coll Lda. Carmen Chocano Eva Andreu

CLEANSED PROJECT ACTION B and C ANALYSIS ON SAMPLES FROM CEBAS-CSIC: • Analysis on contaminated sediments (General analysis) and treated sediments Chemical analysis: p. H, CE, OM, TOC, soluble C Physical analysis: Humidity, bulk density, water holding capacity Toxicological analysis: Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb Nutritional and elemental analysis: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, Fe Plant phytotoxic test (Petri plate). Germination index on 2 different seeds (Lepidium sativun and Hordeum vulgare).

SEDIMENTS AFTER TREATMENT ANALYSIS FROM CEBAS-CSIC

BULK DENSITY AND WATER CAPACITY CURVES (Physical Parameters) Paspalum vaginatum PV Controllo (no piante) C Tamarix+Paspalum TP Spartium+Paspalum SP Phragmites P Oleander+Paspalum OP Water time 3, 5 Horas 3 Horas 3 Horas Vol (ml) 10 10 10 Wheigt (g) 8, 72 8, 84 8, 9 9, 03 9, 55 9, 05 Initial wheight 10 min 30, 328 30, 8345 30, 438 30, 305 29, 735 30, 063 Density (g/ml) 0, 87 0, 88 0, 89 0, 96 0, 9 15 min 30, 104 30, 403 30, 154 29, 9495 29, 293 29, 7345 20 min 29, 991 30, 137 29, 957 29, 489 29, 071 29, 5285 25 min 29, 892 30, 0795 29, 794 29, 307 28, 9385 29, 34 35 min 29, 849 29, 914 29, 532 29, 206 28, 8135 29, 2815 Balancing the air and water contents has been one of the biggest problems facing greenhouse growers. The substrate can greatly influence the air and water content in the root zone. For this reason, mixtures used in greenhouses are fairly close in total porosity; usually between 80 and 90%.

WATER HOLDING CAPACITY (WRC) Paspalum vaginatum PV Controllo (no piante) C Tamarix+Paspalum TP Spartium+Paspalum SP Phragmites P Oleander+Paspalum OP Samples wheight Humidity Dry samples WHC 30, 088 15, 15 25, 53 17, 86 29, 61 15, 15 25, 12 17, 86 29, 613 16, 62 24, 69 19, 93 30, 215 16, 62 25, 19 19, 93 29, 42 17, 25 24, 34 20, 85 29, 644 17, 25 24, 53 20, 85 28, 708 17, 26 23, 75 20, 87 29, 704 17, 26 24, 58 20, 87 28, 51 17, 27 23, 58 20, 88 29, 117 17, 27 24, 09 20, 88 30, 031 14, 78 25, 59 17, 35 28, 532 14, 78 24, 31 17, 35 WHC in sediments after treatment is between 17 -20%. Sediments could be mixed with other residues in order to increase WHC

p. H and EC Sediments after treatment: Basic p. H (>8) and low EC (<300 micro. S/cm). Humidity between 14 -20%

C AND NUTRIENTS IN SEDIMENTS Total organic C was higher in Paspalum vaginatum, Tamarix+Paspalum and Oleander+ Paspalum. Maybe Paspalum increases the TOC and soluble organic C. Soluble N is between 400 -500 ppm in all samples.

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTS Element groups: (Ca, Al, Fe) >> (Mg, K, S, P, Na) >>> (Mn, Zn, Cr, Ti, Sr)

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTS Cd could be the more toxic heavy metal

ANIONS ON SEDIMENTS AFTER TREATMENT Sample Paspalum vaginatum F- (mg/L) Cl- (mg/L) NO 2 - (mg/L) Br- (mg/L) 0, 20 2, 30 0, 13 <0, 05 7, 88 1, 05 47, 23 0, 28 7, 44 0, 13 <0, 05 7, 93 <1, 0 47, 08 0, 34 3, 10 0, 19 <0, 05 7, 28 <1, 0 61, 28 0, 19 <0, 05 13, 21 <1, 0 38, 65 0, 22 <0, 05 11, 35 <1, 0 39, 95 11, 04 <1, 0 32, 60 0, 04 Controllo (no piante) Tamarix+ Paspalum 0, 41 Phragmites 5, 08 0, 19 <0, 05 0, 38 1, 40 0, 13 <0, 05 10, 44 <1, 0 53, 51 0, 41 <1, 0 0, 20 <0, 05 10, 62 <1, 0 55, 85 0, 25 <1, 0 0, 25 <0, 05 8, 68 <1, 0 55, 11 0, 19 <0, 05 6, 13 <1, 0 10, 30 0, 18 <0, 05 4, 72 <1, 0 10, 30 4, 11 <1, 0 9, 20 0, 16 <1, 0 0, 26 <1, 0 0, 19 <0, 05 0, 20 <1, 0 0, 24 <0, 05 5, 18 <1, 0 16, 70 0, 57 <1, 0 0, 19 <0, 05 4, 87 <1, 0 15, 80 0, 87 <1, 0 0, 19 <0, 05 12, 10 <1, 0 25, 30 0, 19 <0, 05 10, 10 <1, 0 9, 90 0, 19 <0, 05 9, 60 <1, 0 7, 80 0, 24 <0, 05 9, 60 <1, 0 7, 20 0, 93 Oleander+ Paspalum 10, 96 0, 40 0, 51 Spartium+ Paspalum 1, 40 NO 3 - (mg/L) PO 43 - (mg/L) SO 42 - (mg/L) 1, 05 1, 85 <1, 0 The most abundant anion measured in sediments after treatment was SO 4 -2.

PHYTOTOXICITY: PLANT TEST Lolium perenne PHYTOTOXICITY ASSAY Germinatión seeds en placas petri Hordeum vulgare SEDIMENT 5 days incubation 28 ºC and humidity * % germinated seeds * Roots Germination Index

PLANT TEST Some extracts showed a positive effect on seed germination (Germination Index) and root lengh. Phragmites seems to increase seed germination.

SEDIMENTS WHITOUT TREATMENT ANALYSIS FROM CEBAS-CSIC

BULK DENSITY AND WATER HOLDING CURVES (physical parameters) Vol (ml) Wheight (g) Bulk Density (g/ml) High contamination CLAY HC 10 11, 36 1, 1 Low contamination LC 10 10, 53 1, 05 Sandy Clay 10 10, 49 1, 05 Sandy Silt 10 9, 48 0, 95 High contamination HC Low contamination LC Sandy-Clay Sandy- silt Water time 4 Horas 3 Horas Initial wheight 10 min 24, 3755 32, 655 33, 8595 34, 1985 15 min 24, 318 32, 355 33, 6435 33, 812 20 min 24, 2775 32, 1805 33, 5135 33, 4235 25 min 24, 2635 32, 0775 33, 398 33, 307 35 min 24, 2375 31, 931 33, 323 33, 2525 A correct moisture in a adequate substrate prior to use would avoid the need of heavily watering after seeding

WATER HOLDING CAPACITY (WHC) High contamination HC Low contamination LC Sandy-clay Sandy-Silt Samples (g) Humidity Dry samples WHC 24, 014 4, 89 22, 84 5, 15 24, 461 4, 89 23, 26 5, 15 32, 154 1, 47 31, 68 1, 49 31, 708 1, 47 31, 24 1, 49 33, 76 4, 81 32, 14 5, 05 32, 886 4, 81 31, 30 5, 05 33, 205 17, 32 27, 45 20, 95 36 17, 32 29, 76 20, 95 Water holding capacity is about 5%, in LC <2%. Sandy-Silt showed 20% of WHC

p. H and EC HC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy. Silt Electrical conductivity: 6 -12 mili. S/cm. Basic p. H for all samples

C AND NUTRIENTS IN SEDIMENTS HC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy. Silt C values in sediments without treatment were 2 -4, 5%, 1 -2, 5% is Organic Carbon

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTS HC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy. Silt Element groups: (Al, Ca, Fe) >> (Mg, K, S, P, Na) >>> (Mn, Zn, Cr, Ti, Sr)

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTS HC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy. Silt Cd is the more toxic heavy metal

ANIONS ON SEDIMENTS WITHOUT TREATMENT SAMPLES F- (mg/L) 0, 69 HC 1, 10 0, 99 1, 12 LC 1, 15 0, 74 Sandy-Clay 0, 86 1, 75 1, 79 Sandy-Silt 0, 93 0, 62 0, 64 Cl- (mg/L) NO 2 - (mg/L) 1745, 50 0, 13 1769, 40 <0, 1 1786, 20 <0, 1 2000, 90 <0, 1 2035, 80 <0, 1 3886, 80 <0, 1 2971, 30 <0, 1 2957, 60 <0, 1 2906, 50 <0, 1 2561, 60 <0, 1 2546, 40 <0, 1 2501, 60 <0, 1 Br- (mg/L) NO 3 - (mg/L) PO 43 - (mg/L) 0, 62 0, 90 <1, 0 6, 77 21, 70 <1, 0 6, 80 0, 90 <1, 0 7, 82 4, 80 <1, 0 7, 80 4, 80 <1, 0 14, 64 11, 75 <1, 0 10, 76 8, 90 <1, 0 9, 63 1, 23 <1, 0 9, 36 1, 27 <1, 0 9, 52 2, 54 <1, 0 9, 97 2, 07 <1, 0 9, 88 2, 00 <1, 0 SO 42 - (mg/L) 411, 50 418, 60 414, 70 448, 20 451, 20 856, 20 1029, 70 1060, 30 1099, 80 1738, 50 1717, 70 1690, 90 The most abundant anions measured on sediments without treatment were Cl-1 and SO 4 -2.

PLANT TEST A positive effect on seed germination (Germination Index) and root lengh was showed. A biostimulant effect is possible

DECONTAMINATED SEDIMENT ADITIVES Organic and inorganics AMENDMENTS FOR SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM To increase sediment quality, fertility and productivity EDAPHIC BIOSTIMULANT Inorganic aditive To improve the structure of the decontaminated sediment Organic aditive To increase microrganisms such as aerobic bacteria, micorrization, … SEDIMENT AS AMENDMENT FOR SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM

PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS -- THE TREATMENT ON SEDIMENTS INCREASES TOC AND REDUCE -- MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENTS HAS BEEN DETERMINED. -- PHYSICAL PARAMETERS COULD ALSO BE IMPROVED WITH THE -- A POSIBLE BIOSTIMULANT EFFECT HAS BEEN SHOWED IN PLAN WHAT WE WILL DO NOW? ? 1) WE WILL ANALYSE HEAVY METAL CONTENT ON PLANTS 2) A MIXTURE COULD BE ESTABLISHED: TREATED SEDIMENT + VEGETAL RESIDUES (aeration, water holding capacity) 5) COMPOSTING PROCESS WITH SEDIMENTS COULD BE ASSAY

CEBAS WORKING GROUP THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION