Clauses Vs Phrases Mrs Burhenn What is a
Clauses Vs. Phrases Mrs. Burhenn
What is a clause? �A clause is a group of words that contain BOTH a subject AND a verb. �There are two main types of clauses, an independent clause, and a dependent clause.
Independent Clauses �Independent clauses contain a subject AND a verb AND contain a complete thought. �Example: Jimmy ran.
Dependent Clauses �Dependent clauses contain BOTH a subject and a verb BUT NOT A COMPLETE THOUGHT. They are introduced with a subordinating conjunction such as: because, although, since, if, etc. �Example: Because Jimmy ran.
Types of Dependent Clauses �Noun �Adjective �Adverb
Noun Clauses �These clauses act like a noun. �They are introduced with: what, where, why, how, where, when, whom, which, whose, whether, that, if. �Examples: �He knows that his business will be successful. �That there is a hole in the ozone layer of the earth’s atmosphere is well known.
Adjective Clauses �These clauses act like adjectives. �They are introduced by: who, whom, which, whose, that, where, when. �Examples: �Men who are not married are called bachelors. �Last year we traveled to San Francisco, which is famous for its architecture.
Adverbial Clauses �These clauses act like adverbs. �There several types of adverbial clauses; they can describe time, place, cause, result, purpose, condition, or they can be a concession.
Adverbial (time) �Subordinators: when, before, after, until, since, as soon as �Example: When he won the money, he decided to buy a car.
Adverbial (place) �Subordinators: �Example: where, wherever She drove wherever she wanted.
Adverbial (cause) �Subordinators: �Example: because, as, since She got a parking ticket because she parked illegally.
Adverbial (result) �Subordinators: �Example: so. . . that, such. . . that He drove so fast that he got a speeding ticket.
Adverbial (purpose) �Subordinators: �Example: so that, in order that He drove fast so that he could get to work on time.
Adverbial (condition) �Subordinators: �Example: if, unless If she hadn’t won the lottery, she would have been very unhappy.
Adverbial (concession) �Subordinators: although, even though �Example: Although she thought she was a good driver, she got a lot of tickets for speeding
What is a phrase? �A phrase is a group of words that DOES NOT contain BOTH a subject and a verb.
Types of Phrases �Noun Phrases • Appositives • Gerunds • Infinitive �Participial �Absolute �Prepositional
Noun Phrases �Noun phrases contain a noun and all of its modifiers. �There are three types of noun phrases: �Appositives �Gerunds �Infinitive
Appositives �Appositives rename or describes another noun. �Example: �One of eleven brothers and sisters, Harriet was a moody and willful child. �Bob, my best friend, works here. �The boy looked at them, big black ugly insects.
Gerund Phrases �Gerund phrases are noun phrases with a gerund (-ing) at the beginning. �Example: �I love baking cakes.
Infinitive Phrases �Infinitive phrases use the infinitive form (to ____) �Example: �I love to bake cakes. �Infinitive phrases can also be used as adverbial or adjectival phrase.
Participial Phrases �Participial phrases have a participle (a verb acting as an adjective; cascading water, broken table, etc. ) �Example: �Crushed to pieces by a sledgehammer, the computer no longer worked.
Absolute Phrases �Absolute phrases are ALMOST complete sentences. They contain a subject, but are missing a verb. �Example: �My cake finally baking in the oven, I was free to rest for thirty minutes. �She returned to her bench, her face showing all the unhappiness that had suddenly overtaken her. -An American Tragedy
Prepositional Phrases �Prepositional phrases are phrases that contain a preposition at the beginning. �Example: �She sat around the house. �In the dark room, she felt all her old fears return.
Your Turn! �Are these clauses or phrases? �A boy and his dog. �Went to the store. �I had a soda. �The brown fox and quick dog. �The boy laughed. �Someone stole my purse. �Stole my purse.
More!! �When I go to the store. �Suzie plays with her dog everyday. �Jonathan runs three miles a day. �Although I can’t see him. �After I go to the doctor. �Since I got an A on the test. �How do I get to the store? �With he dog. �To the store.
- Slides: 26