Clauses Independent Dependent Clauses Clauses Definition A clause

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Clauses Independent & Dependent Clauses

Clauses Independent & Dependent Clauses

Clauses • Definition: A clause is a group of related words that contains a

Clauses • Definition: A clause is a group of related words that contains a subject and a predicate. • The students who are in Mrs. Parker’s class are smart.

Clauses vs. Phrases • A phrase is a group of words without a subject

Clauses vs. Phrases • A phrase is a group of words without a subject and a predicate • Maggie gave a gift to Ted. Phrase • Students who eat breakfast have more energy. Clause

Independent (Main) Clauses • An independent (or main) clause can stand on its own.

Independent (Main) Clauses • An independent (or main) clause can stand on its own. An independent clause is a complete thought. • Ms. Lowery teaches math. • I ate breakfast.

Dependent (Subordinate) Clauses • A dependent (or subordinate) clause is not a complete thought.

Dependent (Subordinate) Clauses • A dependent (or subordinate) clause is not a complete thought. It is a fragment. • Because the students performed well on the exam… • If I won the lottery… • who is wearing a red shirt…

Combining Independent & Dependent Clauses • A dependent clause must be added to an

Combining Independent & Dependent Clauses • A dependent clause must be added to an independent clause to be a complete thought. • When a dependent clause comes before an independent clause, you must add a comma between the two. • Because the students performed well on the exam, the teachers did a little dance. Dependent Clause Independent Clause

Interrupting a Main Clause • Sometimes a dependent clause comes in between a main

Interrupting a Main Clause • Sometimes a dependent clause comes in between a main clause. • Mr. Buckhalter, who teaches math, is competitive. Main clause Subordinate clause

Identifying Independent & Dependent Clauses • Ashley sings a song. • If my team

Identifying Independent & Dependent Clauses • Ashley sings a song. • If my team wins the game • Because the students skipped school • Jessica’s favorite subject is English.

Adjective Clauses • An adjective clause is a clause that describes a noun. •

Adjective Clauses • An adjective clause is a clause that describes a noun. • Adjective clauses are always dependent clauses. • There are 5 words (relative pronouns) that introduce adjective clauses: – who, whom, whose, which, that

Adjective Clauses • Sometimes the relative pronouns that introduce an adjective clause are implied.

Adjective Clauses • Sometimes the relative pronouns that introduce an adjective clause are implied. • Example: The grade I received was a shock. The pronoun that is implied. The grade [that] I received was a shock.

Essential and Non-Essential Adjective Clauses • Adjective clauses can be identified in two ways:

Essential and Non-Essential Adjective Clauses • Adjective clauses can be identified in two ways: essential and non-essential. • Essential clauses are necessary information. They do not have commas around them. • Non-essential clauses are extra information. Commas are placed around non-essential clauses.

Examples • An example of an essential clause: The teachers that I like best

Examples • An example of an essential clause: The teachers that I like best are funny. *Essential clauses help identify specific things or people • An example of a non-essential clause: My English book, which is terribly boring, calls my floor home. *Non-essential clauses are extra information.

Adverb Clauses • An adverb clause contains a subject and a predicate. • It

Adverb Clauses • An adverb clause contains a subject and a predicate. • It answers the adverb questions how, when or why. • Trevon read the book until he fell asleep. Independent clause Dependent clause & Adverb clause

Adjective & Adverb Clauses • The girl who wore a blue dress won the

Adjective & Adverb Clauses • The girl who wore a blue dress won the prize. • Jack, who always chews gum, likes to play baseball. • Maggie called Ted because he sent her roses.