Classifying Rocks Rock Classification Geologists classify rocks into

- Classifying Rocks Rock Classification Geologists classify rocks into three major groups depending on how they are formed: igneous rock, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock. 2

Rock Processes Review Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary 3

Igneous Rock Recipe 1. Take some Minerals & Gasses – Mix well 2. Place in oven (2, 000 C) Quartz Add Heat Energy & Melt + Biotite + Feldspar 3. Change Rock to Liquid Phase (Magma) 4. Remove from heat, let it Cool & Crystallize (Intrusive/Extrusive) 5. Igneous Rock Serve and Enjoy Minerals + Heat 4

Sedimentary Rock Recipe 1. Start with existing rock at the Surface 2. Weather (Break Up) 3. Erode (Carry Away) 4. Sedimentation & Deposition 5. Compaction & Cementation © Beadle, 2009 Sedimentary Rock Igneous Rock 5

Metamorphic Rock Recipe 1. Get some pre-formed rock – Igneous or Sedimentary will do & burry it deep underground. 2 a. Add a mild amount of Heat Granite (Igneous) 2 b. Squeeze to Foliate + Pressure (Not too hot) + Pressure 3. Cool & (Re)-Crystallize Note: Add more heat for Igneous Rock 4. Metamorphic Rock + HEAT Gneiss (foliated)

Class Activity • Rock Cycle Game

Igneous Rocks Cooling & Hardening To the Surface Magma (Liquid Rock) Weathering & Erosion Melting Sediments Compaction & Cementation Metamorphic Rocks High Temp & Pressure Sedimentary Rocks

Igneous Rocks Cooling & Hardening To the Surface Magma (Liquid Rock) Weathering & Erosion Melting Sediments Compaction & Cementation Metamorphic Rocks High Temp & Pressure Sedimentary Rocks

Rock Processes Review Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary 10

Linear Process Connection Igneous Rock Cool & Crystallize (Extrusive) Rise to the Surface Cool & Crystallize (Intrusive) Change to Liquid Phase (Magma) Weather (Break Up) Erode (Carry Away) Take minerals & Add a lot of Heat to Melt Sedimentation & Deposition Metamorphic Rock Compaction & Cementation Cool & (Re)-Crystallize Add Heat & Pressure (Not too hot) burry it deep underground Sedimentary Rock

What is the Rock Cycle? -The process of rocks changing from one type of rock to another Any rock type can be changed into any of the other two and back again depending on conditions Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks

pm Hot Magma © Beadle, 2009 Cooler Crust pm

pm Regional Metamorphism (compression) Hot Magma © Beadle, 2009 pm

Cloud Volcanic Explosion Rocky Cycle: Point out where metamorphism, igneous & sedimentary rocks are processed & formed. Extrusive Igneous Rock 5 5 6 6 4 a 2 a pm Ea rth qu ak es Me tam 1 © Beadle, 2009 Hot Magma 4 b 3 orp es su his re) m (Pr 2 b pm

Cloud Rock Cycle Key: Point out where metamorphism, igneous & sedimentary rocks are processed & formed. Ig Sedimentary Intrusive Igneous Me tam Contact Metamorphism u tr x E orp his m © Beadle, 2009 tru ne siv e Intrusive Igneous e v i s Ex s ou Ig ne ou s Sedimentary Regional Metamorphism

The white tops of these mtn’s are granite= Igneous The rock cycle is an active process that you can see just about everywhere outside: Weathering & Erosion are actively breaking down the mountains & creating sediment Deposition: minerals from the Granite spreading out as sand & clay! This makes the soil of the valley Underneath the surface, sediment is being compacted & cemented = Sedimentary

Start with some minerals The Rock Cycle Erosion 5 (Carry Away) Weather 4 (Break Up) Sedimentation 6 & Deposition Compaction 7 Cementation What Rock? Rise to 3 The Surface What Rock? Cooling & 2 Crystallizing What Rock? Melting 1 Heat & 8 Pressure

Mineral Series in the Rock Cycle Quartz Sand (Sediment) Sandstone (Sedimentary) Quartzite (Metamorphic) Schist Granite (Igneous) (Metamorphic) Gneiss (Metamorphic) Plag Clay (Sediment) Shale (Sedimentary) Slate (Metamorphic)

Class Activity • Video: (Start at 15 minutes) • Crayon Video • DVD: Bill Nye_Rocks & Soil